二维追光控制系统.doc

 二维追光跟踪控制系统的研究 摘要：基于二维追光跟踪控制系统的研究，研究了如何在最大程度上利用太阳能，解决了以往类似装置存在的对太阳能的利用方面存在的一系列问题，比如：不能在最大限度上跟踪太阳，从而造成太阳能的利用不充分、利用率低等。本文系统的论述了二维追光跟踪控制系统是如何根据太阳的运动规律、跟踪太阳达到太阳能利用 率最高的结构部分、结构原理及部分机械结构。 首先根据太阳的运动规律及原理，然后通过光敏电阻这种光学器件和IC芯片相互配合实现对太阳进行跟踪，实现对太阳高度角的跟踪、太阳方位角的跟踪的。光明电阻的方位组成可以在光照射时产生电位差，后级的电压比较器对电位差进行实时的跟踪和比较，然后传输给H桥式电路，桥式电路控制两个步进电机。机械部分能呈现180度的错位放置，最后实现二维追光的目的。 关键词：二维追光；太阳能；光敏电阻；电位差；桥式电路；  tracking control system of two-dimensional light Abstract：Study of tracking control system of two-dimensional light，that research on how to utilize solar ennegy to the maximum extent. To solve the existing similar devices on the use of solar energy can not track the sun in maximum resulting in the use of solar energy is not sufficient, low utilization of the problem. This paper discusses the system of two-dimensional light tracking control system is how to according to the law of motion of the sun, sun tracking solar energy utilization structure, the highest part of the structure principle and mechanical structure. According to the motion rule and principle of the sun, and then through the photosensitive resistance of this optical device and chip IC complement each other to achieve to track the sun, tracking, the position of the sun on the sun altitude angle tracking. Composition of light resistance range can produce a potential difference in the light irradiation, the voltage comparator level after the electric potential difference between tracking and real-time, and then transmitted to the H bridge circuit, a bridge circuit to control two stepping motor. The mechanical part can appear dislocation 180 degrees placed, finally realizes the two-dimensional tracking purposes. Keywords: two-dimensional light;solar;photosensitive resistance;potential difference; the bridge circuit;stepper motion  目录 1 绪论 1 1.1 课题研究的目的与意义 2 1.2 国内外研究现状及主要内容 3 1.3 本课题主要研究内容 5 2 总体设计思路与方案对比 5 2.1 总体思路 5 2.2 方案对比 7 2.3 方案选择 15 3 控制部分器件应用原理 16 3.1 总体设计简述 16 3.2 光敏电阻的原理及其应用 19 3.3 IC芯片的选型 23 4 机械部分设计 25 4.1 机械部分的设计 2