承运人履行抗辩权的法律适用研究.docVIP

承运人履行抗辩权的法律适用研究 　　摘要 　　履行抗辩权制度是合同法中一项重要法律制度，对于平衡当事人利益，促进合同履行以及市场的健康有序发展都具有重要意义。虽然我国《合同法》第66至68条规定了履行抗辩权，但在国际海上货物运输中，由于我国《海商法》对承运人的履行抗辩权问题没有相关规定，因此在实务操作与司法实践中经常存在争议与混乱。 　　本文针对国际海上货物运输实践中的争议，根据《合同法》第66至68条，《海商法》规定以及法理分析，主要讨论了承运人履行抗辩权的适用问题。 　　首先，本文通过对履行抗辩权的实质内涵的剖析，以及对法律适用的分析，肯定了履行抗辩权作为合同法上的概念在国际海上货物运输中适用的合理性和必要性。在此基础上，本文从概括和具体两个角度讨论承运人履行抗辩权的适用问题。 　　本文从概括的层面提出，承运人履行抗辩权的行使应当符合的原则或考虑的因素，如诚实信用，合理减损等；分析厘清海上货物运输承运人履行抗辩权的主体；并对在实践中容易与承运人履行抗辩权相混淆的相关概念与承运人履行抗辩权的关系进行辨析。 　　再从具体情况出发，讨论国际海上货物运输中不同具体情况下承运人履行抗辩权的具体适用问题；并对于实践中应用广泛并多发争议的相关多式联运与总包合同中承运人的履行抗辩权适用的特殊问题进行具体分析。 　　本文通过概括与具体，深入与归纳整理的分析讨论，希望能够辨明厘清海上货物运输合同中承运人的履行抗辩权问题，对海上货物运输实务操做起到指导和促进作用，更好的保护平衡当事人利益，减少争议，并对于司法实践中的争议解决有所裨益。 　　关键词：国际海上货物运输，承运人，履行抗辩权 　　ABSTRACT 　　The right of defence is an important legal system in contract law, which is of greatsignificance to the balance of the interest of parties and healthy and orderlydevelopment of the market. Although clause 66 to 68 of Chinese Contract Lawstipulate the right of defence. But in the international carriage of goods by sea,because there is no provision about the right of defence of the carrier in ChineseMaritime Law. Disputes and chaos often occur in operation and legal practice. 　　Aiming at the disputes in the international carriage of goods by sea, according to theclause 66 to 68 of Chinese Contract Law, Chinese Maritime Law and legal principleanalysis, this thesis mainly discusses the application of the right of defence of theearner. 　　Firstly,through the analysis of the connotaton of the right of defence and theapplication of law, this thesis affirms the reasonability and necessity of the applicationof the right of defence, as an concept in the contract law, in the international carriageof goods by sea. 　　On this basis,this thesis discusses the application of the right of defence of the carrierfrom general and specific perspectives. 　　In general, the application of the right of defence of the carrier should consider someprinciples, such as good faith and cutdown. This thesi