25脑和脊髓的被膜及血管yingPPT.ppt

The Meninges and Blood Vessels of Brain and Spinal Cord, and the Cerebrospinal Fluid The Meninges of Brain and Spinal Cord The spinal cord and brain are surrounded by three membranes, the meninges. Named from the outside to inward they are the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater. The meninges of spinal cord Spinal dura mater 硬脊膜 Spinal arachnoid mater脊髓蛛网膜 Spinal pia mater 软脊膜 Spinal dura mater 硬脊膜 Characters Above, attached to circumference of foramen magnum Below, becomes thinner at level of S2, invests filum terminale to attach at back of coccyx Epidural space 硬膜外隙 Position: lies between spinal dura mater and periosteum of vertebral canal Contents: a quantity of loose connective tissue, fat, lymphatic vessels and vertebral venous plexus, the spinal nerves on each side pass through the epidural space which is applicable for block anesthesia. Subdural space硬膜下隙 Subarachnoid space蛛网膜下隙 Position: lies between pia and arachnoid maters containing cerebrospinal fluid Terminal cistern 终池: the largest part of subarachnoid space extending from termination of spinal cord to level of S2, where it is occupied by nerves of cauda equina, so it is the best site for a lumbar puncture Lumbar spinal puncture (spinal tap) Spinal pia mater 软脊膜 A delicate vascular membrane that closely invests the spinal cord Denticulate ligament齿状韧带: consist of 21 pairs triangular ligaments extending from spinal cord on each side between anterior and posterior roots of spinal nerves to spinal dura mate; these ligaments help to fix position of spinal cord. Filum terminale: an extension of pia beyond conus medullaris The Meninges of Brain Cerebral dural mater 硬脑膜 Cerebral arachnoid mater 脑蛛网膜 Cerebral pia mater 软脑膜 Cerebral dural mater 硬脑膜 Characters A thick and dense inelastic membrane that composed of two layers, an inner or meningeal and outer or endosteal It is in loose contact with calvaria, and most strongly adherent to base of skull Four septa Cerebral falx 大脑镰 Tentorium of