分子标记参考资料.docVIP

分子标记技术及其应用 I. Term Explanation (10%, 2 points for each) 1. Probe：是一段具有特异碱基序列的单链DNA或RNA分子，经过放射性或非放射性标记、杂交，用于检测互补碱基序列（Single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules of specific base sequence, labeled either radioactively or non- labeled, that are used to detect the complementary base sequence by hybridization.） 2. Marker-assisted selection (MAS)：通过对分子标记检测目标基因与某个分子标记的连锁，获知目标基因的基因型。借助分子标记对目标性状的基因型进行选择，这称为MAS。 3. Gene pyramiding：通过分子标记，选择与目标基因连锁的基因型，将分散在不同品种中的有用基因聚合到同一个基因组中。 4. Molecular marker：是指能反映生物个体或种群问基因组中某种差异特征的DNA片段。这种DNA片段的特性可通过将基因组DNA经限制性内切酶酶切、PCR扩增、分子杂交等技术在电泳凝胶上检测出来。DNA分子标记是遗传变异在DNA水平上的直接反映。 5. Recombination inbred Lines (RIL)：由两个杂交后，经连续育成的近交系。with the knowledge you have learned. (10%, one point for each) 1. DAF (DNA Amplified Fingerprints ) is a method of general DNA amplification using a single primer of between 5～8 nucleotides in length. 2. In transfer filter，the HCl-treatment is performed to 脱嘌呤（depurinate） large DNA- fragments and enhance their transfer rate to the membrane. 3. RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) is a method of general DNA amplification using a single primer about 10 nucleotides in length. 4. PCR reaction main involves 变性（denaturation）, 退火（annealing）and 延伸（extention） three steps. 5. In plant DNA extraction, we need usually to add (- mercaptoethanol. Function of (- mercaptoethanol is抗氧化（preventing the browning of DNA）. 6. In 1983, PCR was invented by Kary B. Mullis . 7. AP-PCR (arbitrary primer PCR) is a method of DNA amplification using a single primer of between 20 or 30 nucleotides in length. 8. The restriction fragment length polymorphisms can be separated from one another by 凝胶电泳（gel electrophoresis）. 9. SRAP marker include two sets of PCR primers, forward primer use CCGG sequence, reverse primer use AATT sequence. 10. SCAR use 24 bp primers designed from the ends of cloned RAPD or AFLP markers. 11. Theoretical basis of construction of linkage map is 染色体交换（chromosome crossover） and 重组（re