分子生物学Chapter 8 Eukaryotic RNA Transcription.docVIP

Chapter 8 Eukaryotic RNA Transcription Introduction Figure 8-1 Diagram of Eukaryotic Gene 1.Basic Features of Eukaryotic transcriton 1.1 Three different classes of transcription Three different RNA polymerases are responsible for gene transcription: RNA polymerase I (pol I): ? ribosomal RNAs (5.8S, 18S, 28S rRNA) RNA polymerase II (pol II): ? mRNAs ? some small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) RNA polymerase III (pol III): ? tRNAs ? 5S RNA ? some snRNAs ? small cytoplasmic RNAs (scRNAs) Basic properties of each polymerase: Enzyme location relative activity a-amanitin sensitivity Pol I nucleolus 50-70% not inhibited Pol II nucleoplasm 20-40% inhibited Pol III nucleoplasm ≈10% species-specific RNA polymerase subunits Eukaryotic polymerases has 12 or more different subunit. – All contain subunits homologous to the subunits of the E. coli RNA Pol core ((2((’). – at least five other subunits are common to three different RNA Pols. – Each RNA Pol contain additional four or seven specific subunit. All three polymerase classes.... ? weigh 500,000 D ? contain 12-16 subunits - some conserved across evolution b’ - like (~200,000 D) b - like (~140,000 D) a - like (~40,000 D) - some shared among all 3 polymerases - some unique Figure 10-26. Schematic representation of the subunit structure of yeast nuclear RNA polymerases and comparison with E. coli RNA core polymerase. All three yeast polymerases have four core subunits that exhibit some homology with the β, β′, and α subunits in E. coli RNA polymerase. The largest subunit (L′) of RNA polymerase II also contains an essential C-terminal domain (CTD). RNA polymerases I and III contain the same two nonidentical α-like subunits, whereas polymerase II has two copies of a different α-like subunit. All three polymerases share five other common subunits (two copies of the largest of these). In addition, each yeast polymeras