物理方向布局-NTU.pptVIP

How do you do to get the Theory of Everything? * QHE and Quantum Spin Hall Effect Qi Zhang Bulk-insulator, surface-metallic, no time- reversal symmetry breaking, no back-scattering, guaranteed by topological Chern parity!! Topological insulators Plausible exotic excitations Charge+monopole-‘Dyon’ Majorana fermion Axion? X.L. Qi et al. YBCO -- YBa2Cu3O6+y No answer yet to the challenge Posed by Müller-Bednorz!! LSCO –La2-xSrxCuO4+d Not so much the Tc so high, super-glue? Even more profound problem: the Fermi liquid theory fails! “Anomalous” normal state properties mysterious linear resistivity H. Takagi et al. PRL, 1992 Pseudogap of High-Tc(dark entropy) Missing of entropy at low energies Concept of quasi- Particle not applicable Attempts to explore new paradigm Topology + quantum geometry (D. Haldane) Topology + long range entanglements (X.G. Wen) Fractional charge, fractional statistics, …… Is this a complete description?? Laughlin’s wave function for FQHE New question raised by Haldane Are these two ‘circles’ the same? Using geometrical approach they are not the same!! The latter is described by the “guiding centers” which obey ‘non-commutative geometry’!! How to characterize topological order? No symmetry breaking, nor local order parameter, different quantum Hall states have the same symmetry Non-local topological order parameter Ground state degeneracy-Berry phase Abelian-Non-Abelian edge states (CFT) Gapped spin-liquid states, protected by symmetry, chiral spin state, …… What is the most fundamental?? X.G. Wen Quantum Entanglement Classical orders (crystals, ferromagnets)-untangled Even the ‘quantum order’-superfluidity-untangled EPR paradox Classification of entanglements Short range entanglement Landau symmetry breaking states No symmetry breaking- Symmetry protected topological order like topological insulators, Haldane spin 1 chain…… Long range entanglement Symmetry breaking like P+iP superconductivity