现在完成时-讲解和练习.doc

现在完成时 表示到现在、目前为止已经完成的动作；常与already, yet, ever, since, just, for, by now; up to now等连用. （1）already 与yet的区别 I have already done my homework now.（already用于肯定句，放在句中） I have not done my homework yet. （yet用于否定句，放在句末） （2）since 与for的区别 I have studied English since 1990. (since接时间点，而且必须是具体时间) I have studied English for 18 years. (for 接时间段，而且必须是延续动词，不能用短暂动词) I have bought the book. (短暂动词也可以用于完成时态，但不能用于含for 接时间段的句子) = I have kept/used the book for 18 years. (把短暂动词用另一个延续动词来替代，则能用于for 接时间段) = I bought the book 18 years ago. （短暂动词一般用于过去时) It has been 18 years since I saw him last time. (since接过去时，前面动词用完成时) （3）have gone to 与have been to 的区别 have gone to表示去了某个地方，现在还没回来 ---Where is Mr. Chen? （陈老师去哪了？） ---He has gone to the street. （他去了街上） have been to表示到过某个地方，现在已经回来了 ---Where have you been? （你到哪里？） ---I have been to the street.（我到街上） （4）瞬间动词，即非延续性动词的现在完成时的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。但可以与否定式连用。 He has gone. He hasn’t returned home for 3 years. 问：He has left home for five days.和He hasn’t left home for five days.哪个说法正确？ 答：非延续性动词在否定句中可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，因此后面一句正确，意思是“他离开家不到五天”。第一个句子是错误的，正确的说法应为： He has been away from home for five days. He left home five days ago. It is five days since he left home. （5）表示第几次去(到)某地，在This is the first (second, third…) time (that)句式中，后面常用现在完成时。 This is the first time I have come to America. （6）先行词是形容词的最高级或者被最高级修饰时，定语从句常用完成时态。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. This is the most interesting book I have ever read. 时态综合练习 1. –May I speak to John? --Sorry, he Japan. But he in two days. A. has been to; will come back B. has gone to; will be back C. has been in; would come back D. has gone to; won’t come back 2. I won’t go to the film tonight, because I my ticket. A. lost B. have lost C. will lost D. didn’t have 3. –Do you know him well? --Sure. We friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 4. –These farmers have been to the United States.