Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes镉，的环境暴露，和健康的的结果.pptVIP

Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes Ben Guo Background Source: diet (high rate of soil-to-plant transfer) Increased cancer incidence: accumulating of cadmium Kidney is a specific target for cadmium accumulation. Safe intake limit: 7ug cadmium/week/kg body weight (set based on the critical renal cadmium concentration between 100-200 ug/g wet weight which corresponds to a urinary threshold limit of 5-10 ug/g creatinine) 1.FAO/WHO guidelines for safe intake PTWI: provisional tolerable weekly intake PTWI(WHO 1989): 400-500 ug/person/week PTWI(WHO 1989): 7 ug/kg body weight/week Renal cortical cadmium 50ug/g wet weight corresponds to urinary cadmium 2ug/g creatinine However, kidney effects can be observed at urinary cadmium levels 0.5 ug/g creatinine Satarug and his colleagues’ studies suggested that the estimated intake of 25-30 ug/day may produce adverse kidney effects in about 1%of the adult population. 2.Threshold-based models for safe intake Bench-mark dose (BMD): the exposure level that produces a change in a response. Japanese subjects: BMDL10 of urinary cadmium is 0.6-1.2 ug/g creatinine in men and 1.2-3.6 ug/g creatinine in women. Swedish women: BMD of urinary cadmium is 0.6-1.1 ug/g creatinine. In a word, the tolerable weekly intake for cadmium is 2.5 ug/kg body weight, which corresponds to 25 ug/day for a person who weighs 70kg. (European Food Safety Authority 2009) 3.Cadmium sources and bioavailability a. Mollusks and crustaceans Cadmium in oysters and shellfish is bioavailable and that long-term oyster consumption does result in a higher body burden of cadmium. b. Oilseeds Cadmium in sunflower kernels possess a high nephrotoxic potential, they may indicate increased sensitivity to cadmium renal toxicity in the high sunflower-kernel consumers. c. Offal In one study, Haswell-Elkins et al. found high cadmium body burden associated with higher consumption of turtle liver and kidney. Cadmium levels are high