Colligative Properties of Solutions Los Angeles City College解决的方案依数性质洛杉矶城市学院.pptVIP

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Colligative Properties of Solutions Los Angeles City College解决的方案依数性质洛杉矶城市学院.ppt

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Colligative Properties of Solutions Los Angeles City College解决的方案依数性质洛杉矶城市学院

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS 1. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components. 2. It has variable composition. 3. The dissolved solute is molecular or ionic in size. 4. A solution may be either colored or colorless nut is generally transparent. 5. The solute remains uniformly distributed throughout the solution and will not settle out through time. 6. The solute can be separated from the solvent by physical methods. Colligative Properties of Solutions Depends on the concentration of the solute particles and not on the identity of the solute. Dissolved particles alter and interfere with the dynamic process of a solution. NOTE: DT=Tf-Ti or in this case DT=Tsolution-Tsolvent Boiling point elevation Freezing point depression Osmosis Vapor pressure lowering Colligative PropertiesDT = k m 1. Calculate the molality of a solution consisting of 5.34 g of aluminum sulfate in 200.0 mL of pure water at 24oC? 2. The boiling point of a solution containing 5.55 g of an unknown nonvolatile substance dissolved in 15.0 g of water is 103.3 oC. Calculate the molar mass of the compound. 3. Calculate the freezing point of a 500.0 mL sample of aluminum sulfate solution (kf = 1.86 oC kg / mol) containing 16.0 g of solute. MOLALITY Molality = moles of solute per kg of solvent m = nsolute / kg solvent If the concentration of a solution is given in terms of molality, it is referred to as a molal solution. Q. Calculate the molality of a solution consisting of 25 g of KCl in 250.0 mL of pure water at 20oC? First calculate the mass in kilograms of solvent using the density of solvent: 250.0 mL of H2O (1 g/ 1 mL) = 250.0 g of H2O (1 kg / 1000 g) = 0.2500 kg of H2O Next calculate the moles of solute using the molar mass: 25 g KCl (1 mol / 54.5 g) = 0.46 moles of solute Lastly calculate the molality: m = n / kg = 0.46 mol / 0.2500 kg = 1.8 m (molal) solution Freezing Point DepressionDTf = - kf m Q. Estimate the freezing point of a 2.00 L sample of seawater