Solutions Chemistry Geek解决的方案化学怪才.pptVIP

Solutions Why does a raw egg swell or shrink when placed in different solutions? Some Definitions A solution is a _______________ mixture of 2 or more substances in a single phase. One constituent is usually regarded as the SOLVENT and the others as SOLUTES. Parts of a Solution SOLUTE – the part of a solution that is being dissolved (usually the lesser amount) SOLVENT – the part of a solution that dissolves the solute (usually the greater amount) Solute + Solvent = Solution Definitions Solutions can be classified as saturated or unsaturated. A saturated solution contains the maximum quantity of solute that dissolves at that temperature. An unsaturated solution contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a particular temperature Example: Saturated and Unsaturated Fats Unsaturated fats have at least one double bond between carbon atoms; monounsaturated means there is one double bond, polysaturated means there are more than one double bond. Thus, there are some bonds that can be broken, chemically changed, and used for a variety of purposes. These are REQUIRED to carry out many functions in the body. Fish oils (fats) are usually unsaturated. Game animals (chicken, deer) are usually less saturated, but not as much as fish. Olive and canola oil are monounsaturated. Definitions SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONS contain more solute than is possible to be dissolved Supersaturated solutions are unstable. The supersaturation is only temporary, and usually accomplished in one of two ways: Warm the solvent so that it will dissolve more, then cool the solution Evaporate some of the solvent carefully so that the solute does not solidify and come out of solution. Supersaturated Sodium Acetate One application of a supersaturated solution is the sodium acetate “heat pack.” IONIC COMPOUNDSCompounds in Aqueous Solution Many reactions involve ionic compounds, especially reactions in water — aqueous solutions. Aqueous Solutions How do we know ions are prese