历史学的研究论文精品 试论哈扎尔犹太化.docVIP

试论哈扎尔犹太化 【内容摘要】 哈扎尔是生活在南欧草原上的一支突厥部落，最初信奉原始的多神教——萨满教。公元630－640年间，哈扎尔人在伏尔加河下游地区建立起独立的哈扎尔汗国。在其鼎盛时期，即740年左右，他们皈依了犹太教，并逐渐犹太化，哈扎尔汗国成为中世纪唯一一个信奉犹太教的国家。哈扎尔汗国之所以选择皈依犹太教，主要在于避免受到基督教拜占庭帝国和伊斯兰教阿拉伯帝国的控制，为的是保护的独立主权。哈扎尔犹太化促进了哈扎尔文明化步伐，推动了国内商业发展，使哈扎尔汗国成为中世纪南欧草原上可以与拜占庭帝国、阿拉伯帝国相抗争的“第三股”势力。哈扎尔犹太化客观上减缓了拜占庭帝国东扩的脚步，也阻止了阿拉伯帝国伊斯兰势力向北扩张的步伐，在某种程度上奠定了现今欧亚文明圈的格局。哈扎尔犹太化还补充了犹太民族的队伍，丰富了东欧民族成份的谱系。 【关 键 词】 哈扎尔人 哈扎尔汗国 犹太教 萨满教 On the conversion of the Khazars to Judaism [ Abstract ] Khazar is a Western Turks Tribe living in Southern Europe Prairie, initially they believed in the original polytheism – Shamanism. AD 630-640 years, Khazar people established powerful Khazar kingdom in the Lower reaches of the Volga River . During its heyday, about in 740, Khazar Converted to Judaism and gradually Judaization, Khazar became an unique country that believed in Judaism in Middle Ages. The main reasons of Khazar converted to Judaism are to obtain an independent state sovereignty, to avoid the control of Byzantine and Arab Empire, with the aid of Jews to develop trade. Khazar converted to Judaism a profound impact on the Khazar, it promotes the development of civilization and trade, making Khazar becoming “ the third ” power which can make a stand against Byzantine and Arab Empire in Southern Europe Prairie during the Middle Ages. The Conversion of the Khazars to Judaism objectively slowing the the pace of eastward expansion of the Byzantine Empire, and also prevented the northward expansion of Islamic forces of the Arab Empire, to some extent set the seal on Eurasian civilization zone. The Conversion of the Khazars also added the troop of the Jewry and enriched the ethnic composition of Eastern European lineage. [Key Words] Khazars; Khazar Khanate; Judaism; Shamanism 哈扎尔人（中国史籍称可萨人）曾是中世纪欧亚大陆上一个古老的游牧民族，最初信奉原始的多神宗教——萨满教。大约在570—630年，哈扎尔人处在西突厥阿史那王朝统治下。7世纪30-40年代逐渐摆脱西突厥帝国的统治，建立起新的王国——哈扎尔汗国。哈扎尔汗国通过继承西突厥帝国的大量领土和不断的军事扩张，逐渐成为东南欧的一个庞大帝国。哈扎尔统治者推行宗教宽容政策，基督教、伊斯兰教、犹太教和其他宗教在汗国内长期共存。在哈扎尔汗国鼎盛时期，即大约8至10世纪初，哈扎尔汗国皈依了犹太教，哈扎尔人逐渐犹