英语语法系列讲座之五——虚拟语气.docVIP

语法系列讲座之五 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是说话人为了表达一种假设的情况或一种主观愿望时所用的动词形式。虚拟语气中动词所表达的动作或状态并非事实，或仅是主观设想。虚拟语气有各种各样的表达方式。 1．用条件句表示虚拟语气 表达虚拟语气的条件句也时常被称为非真实条件句。 （1）表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟句式为： if从句用过去时，主句用should/would/could/might 加动词原形。如： If I had a bike, I would lend it to you. （事实：I haven’t a bike.） If I were you, I would go to the United States. （事实：I am not you.） 注意：在虚拟结构中，be动词的过去时用were, 不用was。 （2）表示与过去事实不符的虚拟句式为： if从句用过去完成时，主句用should/would/could/might 加现在完成时。如： If he had been there, he would have helped you. （事实：He wasn’t there.） Had he not been killed in the war, he would have become a great man. （事实：He was killed in the war.） 2．在wish后的that从句中用虚拟语气 主要用来表示愿望，that常可省略。如指现在或将来的愿望，从句用一般过去时；如果指过去没有实现或不可能的愿望，从句用过去完成时。如： I wish I were a bird. （事实：I am not a bird.） I wish you had visited me yesterday evening. （事实：You didn’t visit me yesterday evening.） 3．在If only引导的从句中用虚拟语气 表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”，它的用法与I wish that…基本相同，只不过是更富有感情色彩。如： If only I could speak English like an American. If only she had gone with me last year. 4．should （可省去）+ 动词原形的虚拟语气形式 （1）用于表示意愿、命令、建议等动词后的宾语从句中。常见的这类动词有：ask, require, request, advise, suggest, propose, command, order, insist Bill suggested that everyone (should) have a map. We insist that Jack be admitted to hospital immediately. （2）在It is/was + 某些形容词或过去分词 ＋ that引导的主语从句中。这类形容词或过去分词有：advisable, demanded, desirable, essential, important, insistent, natural, necessary, ordered, possible, requested, required, suggested, urgent, vital It is requested that Mr. Wang (should) attend the meeting. It is vital that man protect the environment. （3）在下列名词后的同位语或表语从句中：advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, order, proposal, request, suggestion I make a suggestion that the meeting be put off. My decision is that he should be fined. 5．在It is time, It is high time和would rather后的that从句中，一般用动词过去式来表达虚拟语气 It is time that we went to bed. It is high time that we stopped playing. I’d rather that you were an American. 6．虚拟语气句式中连接词if的省略 如果从句中有should, had, were等词时，可以把虚拟语气句式中的if省略，把上述词提到主语前面。如没有上述词，连接词if则不能省略。如： Ha