英汉翻译的技巧第七章 拆译与缩译.pptVIP

Evidence crosses a remarkable range of fields. In a study of 20-year-old violinists by Ericsson and colleagues, the best group (judged by conservatory teachers) averaged 10,000 hours of deliberate practice over their lives; the next-best averaged 7500 hours; and the next, 5000. It’s the same story in surgery, insurance sales, and virtually every sport. More deliberate practice equals better performance. Tons of it equals great performance. 这个结论在相当多的领域都适用。埃里克森教授和他的同事将一群20岁的小提琴家作为研究对象。他们发现，最优秀的一组（由音乐学院的老师评判）一生中花在专门练习上的平均时间为10,000个小时，次优秀的一组平均时间为7500小时，再次的一组为5000小时。外科，保险销售，几乎所有的体育运动都是这种情况。专门练习越多，表现越出色。超大量的练习产生杰出的表现。 The skeptics 持怀疑的人 Not all researchers are totally onboard with the myth-of-talent hypothesis, though their objections go to its edges rather than its center. For one thing, there are the intangibles. Two athletes might work equally hard, but what explains the ability of New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady to perform at a higher level in the last two minutes of a game? 有些研究者也并不是以天才神话为前提的，尽管他们的异议往往是走向该领域的边缘而非中心。比如，成功还包含一些看不见的因素。两个运动员同样努力，但如何解释新英格兰爱国者的四分卫汤姆·布雷迪在比赛的最后两分钟表现更加出色呢？ Researchers also note, for example, child prodigies who could speak, read or play music at an unusually early age. But on investigation those cases generally include highly involved parents. And many prodigies do not go on to greatness in their early field, while great performers include many who showed no special early aptitude. 研究者同时指出，比如，神童能够在相当小的年纪说话、阅读或者弹奏乐器。但是，调查显示，这些情况通常包括父母的参与。许多神童并没有在初期的领域取得出类拔萃的成绩，相反许多出类拔萃的人却并没有在年幼的时候表现出特别的天赋。 Certainly some important traits are partly inherited, such as physical size and particular measures of intelligence, but those influence what a person doesn’t do more than what he does; a five-footer will never be an NFL lineman, and a seven-footer will never be an Olympic gymnast. Even those restrictions are less severe than you’d expect: Ericsson notes, “Some international chess