Chaotic Dynamics TU混沌动力学的头.ppt

Deterministic Chaos PHYS 306/638 University of Delaware Chaos vs. Randomness Do not confuse chaotic with random: Random: irreproducible and unpredictable Chaotic: deterministic - same initial conditions lead to same final state… but the final state is very different for small changes to initial conditions difficult or impossible to make long-term predictions Clockwork (Newton) vs. Chaotic (Poincaré) Universe Can Chaos be Exploited? Brief Chaotic History: Poincaré Brief Chaotic History: Lorenz Chaos in the Brave New World of Computers Poincaré created an original method to understand such systems, and discovered a very complicated dynamics,but: It is so complicated that I cannot even draw the figure. An Example… A Pendulum starting at 1, 1.001, and 1.000001 rad: Changing the Driving Force f = 1, 1.07, 1.15, 1.35, 1.45 Chaos in Physics Chaos is seen in many physical systems: Fluid dynamics (weather patterns), some chemical reactions, Lasers, Particle accelerators, … Conditions necessary for chaos: system has 3 independent dynamical variables the equations of motion are non-linear Why Nonlinearity and 3D Phase Space? Dynamical Systems A dynamical system is defined as a deterministic mathematical prescription for evolving the state of a system forward in time Example: A system of N first-order, autonomous ODE Damped Driven Pendulum: Part I This system demonstrates features of chaotic motion: Convert equation to a dimensionless form: Damped Driven Pendulum: Part II 3 dynamic variables: ?, ?, t the non-linear term: sin ? this system is chaotic only for certain values of q, f0 , and wD In these examples: wD = 2/3, q = 1/2, and f0 near 1 Damped Driven Pendulum: Part III to watch the onset of chaos (as f0 is increased) we look at the motion of the system in phase space, once transients die away Pay close attention to the period doubling that precedes the onset of chaos... Forget About Solving Equations! New Language for Chaos: Attractors (Dissipative Chaos) K