Chapter 13 Elctrons in AtomsChapter 13电子在原子.pptVIP

Chapter 13Electrons in Atoms Milbank High School Section 13.1Models of the Atom OBJECTIVES: Summarize the development of atomic theory. Section 13.1Models of the Atom OBJECTIVES: Explain the significance of quantized energies of electrons as they relate to the quantum mechanical model of the atom. J. J. Thomson’s Model Discovered electrons Negative electron floating around “Plum-Pudding” model Ernest Rutherford’s Model Discovered dense positive piece at the center of the atom- nucleus “Nuclear model” Niels Bohr’s Model Move like planets around the sun. In circular orbits at different levels. Amounts of energy separate one level from another. “Planetary model” Bohr’s planetary model electron cannot exist between energy levels, just like you can’t stand between rungs on ladder Quantum of energy required to move to the next highest level The Quantum Mechanical Model Since the energy of an atom is never “in between” there must be a quantum leap in energy. Erwin Schrodinger Mathematical solution The Quantum Mechanical Model Has energy levels for electrons. Orbits are not circular. It can only tell us the probability of finding an electron a certain distance from the nucleus. The Quantum Mechanical Model The atom is found inside a blurry “electron cloud” An area where there is a chance of finding an electron. Think of fan blades Atomic Orbitals Principal Quantum Number (n) = the energy level of the electron. Within each energy level, the complex math of Schrodinger’s equation describes several shapes. Atomic orbitals - regions where there is a high probability of finding an electron. Sublevels Summary By Energy Level First Energy Level only s orbital only 2 electrons 1s2 Second Energy Level s and p orbitals are available 2 in s, 6 in p 2s22p6 8 total electrons By Energy Level Third energy level s, p, and d orbitals 2 in s, 6 in p, and 10 in d 3s23p63d10 18 total electrons Fourth energy level s,p,d, and f orbitals 2 in s, 6 in p, 10 in d, ahd 14 in f 4s24p6