Chapter 19 Error Reductin Mercer University19章误差减少美世大学.pptVIP

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Chapter 19 Error Reductin Mercer University19章误差减少美世大学.ppt

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Chapter 19 Error Reductin Mercer University19章误差减少美世大学

ISE 311 - 17 Chapter 17: Error Reduction ERROR: An event when an action other than desired takes place. Sequence: Consider accidents to be predictable and preventable. i.e., break the sequence Error reduction ? cognitive ergonomics. Justifications of ergonomics center around … Reduction of physical stress Reduction of errors (waste) Benefits of reducing errors Improves safety Improves quality Improves productivity Causes of errors Poor design of equipment Poor management of equipment Poor procedures Poor training Other factors Errors in the workplace Costs Range from seconds of time to injury and death. Include cleanup, fines, loss of market share, legal costs. Are difficult to quantify. Are often concealed. Are perceived unequally. Errors in the workplace Reduce costs by Give more attention to problems where potential cost is higher. Be a scientist, not an advocate. Seek root causes, not blame. Avoid punishment. Types Omission or commission Type 1 or Type 2 System or measurement (of the system) Observed error = System + Measurement Perception, decision, or action Slip vs mistake Slip: non-deliberate failure to follow rule Mistake: Conscious planning results in unanticipated action Failure of knowledge Malice: deliberate violation of rules or procedures Error analysis techniques Checklists FMEA / FMECA Decision structure tables Fish diagrams Fault trees Making decisions/actions in public Eliminating privacy can eliminate many errors. Add lighting or move objects/people to visible places. Require approval for deviations from policy. Increase the number of required decision makers. Decisions tend to be slower but better quality. Exceptions: Emergency situations High risk environments Guideline 1: Get enough information Generate relevant information. May be difficult if information is subjective. Provide additional information for novices. Ensure information reception. Be sure people know how to get and use information. Be sure novices know how to find it. Gui