Chapter 16 Random Variables Souderton Math1章随机变量索德顿数学.pptVIP

Chapter 16: Random Variables AP Statistics Vocabulary Random Variable: A variable whose value is based on the outcome of a random event. Use capital letter, X Discrete Random Variable: A random variable that can take one of a countable number of distinct outcomes Continuous Random Variable: A random variable that can take any numeric value within a range of values. The range may be infinite or bounded at either or both ends. There is a free game at a carnival that you attend. In that game, a coin is tossed twice. If the result is the same outcome (HH or TT) you win $20. If the result is first a heads and then a tails, you win $30; but if the result is first a tails and then a heads, you lose $60. What is the expected amount you’ll win in the long run? Expected Value of Random Discrete Variable The theoretical long-run average value, the center of its model. It is a theoretical mean. There is another game at a the carnival. This game costs $5 to play. In this game you toss a die and if a 1, 2, or is rolled, you lose (get no money); if you roll a 4 or a 5, you win $20 and if a 6 is rolled, you win $100. What is the expected amount you will win in the long run? Obviously, if you play each game for a long stretch of time, you will win, on average, the expected value. However, there will be variation in your winnings. We can compute this variation. Variance and Standard Deviation of Discrete Random Variable Variance: The expected value of the squared deviation from the mean Standard Deviation: Describes the spread of the data. Find the variance and standard deviation of the two games described earlier. Adding/Subtracting a Constant to Discrete Random Variable Suppose that for Game 2, they increase the fee to play from $5 to $8. What happens to the expected value, variance and the standard deviation? Adding/Subtracting a Constant to Discrete Random Variable Multiplying/Dividing a Constant to Discrete Random Variable Suppose that the payout f