KINEMATICS OF A PARTICLE Whitby Community College一个粒子惠特社大学运动学.docVIP

STATICS Types of Force: Weight. This is a non-contact force due to gravity which causes the constant acceleration of every particle on Earth. Weight = mg Thrust. e.g. an object at rest supported by a vertical spring from below, then there must be an upward force in the spring to balance the downward force of weight. Tension. e.g. an object hanging from a string in equilibrium, then tension is the opposite force to weight Normal contact Force and Friction: Imagine pushing a brick along a flat horizontal surface. First model the brick as a particle. The weight of the brick is balanced by the ‘push’ of the surface on the brick. this is called the normal reaction or normal contact force. If the table is not a smooth surface then the frictional force is that opposing the force of the push on the brick. Example 1 Suppose the brick has a mass of 3 kg, the push is a force P of 12 N and the force due to friction is 2 N. Then we draw a force diagram, note where the vectors go: W = mg = N = W = since the brick is in equilibrium in the vertical direction Resultant Force = So the brick will move in the direction of the push as N and W are equal. Example 2 A brick on a slope Suppose we push the brick down the slope. The brick has a mass of 3 kg, the push is a force P of 12 N and the force due to friction is 2 N. Again we draw a force diagram, note where the vectors go and the angles! Now imagine we choose the direction of the slope as our coordinate axes, (our i, j plane) So Push = Friction = Weight = The component of weight in the j direction balances the normal contact force so: Normal contact force = In the i direction the resultant force is So the brick will move down the slope, accelerating at a rate caused by a force of Example 3 Now consider if the push was UP the slope. We would have: Can you see why friction acts down the slope? Again we choose the direction of the slope as our coordinate axes, So : Push = Frict