The Gaussian beam models laser beam index 高斯光束模式，激光束指数.pptVIP

Spatio-temporal characteristics of light and how to model them Ray matrices The Gaussian beam Complex q and its propagation Ray-pulse “Kosten-bauder” matrices The prism pulse compressor Gaussian beam in space and time and the complex Q matrix Ray Optics Ray Optics A light ray can be defined by two co-ordinates: Ray Matrices Ray Vectors For many optical components, we can define 2x2 Ray Matrices. The effect on a ray is determined by multiplying its Ray Vector. Ray matrices as derivatives Rays in free space or a medium If xin and qin be the position and slope upon entering, let xout and qout be the position and slope after propagating from z = 0 to z. Rays at a lens Ray Matrices for Space and Lenses Free space: Ray Matrix for an Interface At the interface, clearly: xout = xin. Now calculate qout. Snells Law says: n1 sin(qin) = n2 sin(qout) which becomes for small angles: n1 qin = n2 qout Ray Matrices for Curved Mirrors Consider a mirror with radius of curvature, R: On axis: Off axis: where Re = R cosq if in plane of incidence (tangential) and Re = R / cosq if ^ to plane of incidence (sagittal) For cascaded elements, multiply ray matrices A system images an object when B = 0. When B = 0, all rays from a point xin arrive at a point xout, independent of angle. The Lens Law From the object to the image, we have: 1) A distance d0 2) A lens of focal length f 3) A distance di Lenses can also map angle to position. From the object to the image, we have: 1) A distance f 2) A lens of focal length f 3) A distance f But lasers are Gaussian Beams, not rays. Real laser beams are localized in space at the laser and hence must diffract as they propagate away from the laser. The beam has a waist at z = 0, where the spot size is w0. It then expands to w = w(z) with distance z away from the laser. The beam radius of curvature, R(z), also increases with distance far away. Gaussian Beam Math The expression for a