（整理）爱尔兰历史：irish history.docVIP

爱尔兰历史  第五讲 爱尔兰历史 目录（CONTENT） Abstract 2 一、爱尔兰历史的主要阶段 4 二、各阶段历史背景、重要事件及其影响和意义 4 （一）史前时期及文明的初步发展 4 1、背景 4 2、重要事件4 （1）凯尔特入侵（Celtic Invasion） 4 （2）基督教进入爱尔兰5 3、灵感分享与问题讨论7 （二）中世纪和近代早期 7 1、背景： 7 2、重要事件7 （1）维京人(Vikings)入侵7 （2）诺曼入侵(Norman Invasion) 8 （3）英国殖民开始9 （4）爱尔兰人民的反抗斗争10 （5）都铎王朝(The Tudor Dynasty)统治时期的爱尔兰 12 （6）英国革命期间的爱尔兰14 3、灵感分享与问题讨论16 （三）十八世纪的爱尔兰 16 1、背景 16 2、重要事件16 （1）英国殖民统治的加强16 （2）美国独立战争时期的爱尔兰18 （3）法国大革命时期的爱尔兰19 3、灵感分享和问题讨论20 （四）19世纪以来的爱尔兰 21 1、背景 21 2、重大事件21 （1）大饥荒（The Great Hunger）21 （2）土地改革与争取地方自治的斗争(Land Reform and “Home Rule”) 22 （3）复活节起义（The Easter Rising）及英爱战争 24 （4）爱尔兰内战与爱尔兰自由邦26 （6）“凯尔特之虎”的崛起27 （7）北爱尔兰问题(The Troubles)28 3、灵感分享与问题讨论31 三、关键术语解释 31 四、重要术语中英文对照表 35 五、重大历史事件一览表 37 六、主要参考书目及网站 39 1  第五讲 爱尔兰历史 Abstract The history of Ireland When we mention the word “Ireland”, it often confuses us. Does it mean the Northern Ireland, which is a province of the UK, or geographically the island of Ireland, or simply the Republic of Ireland, which is an independent nation in its own right? The island of Ireland lies off the northwest coast of Great Britain and is 84421 square kilometers in size. Although its landscape looks wild and uninhabited, it is a book of Irish history from which we can find more that man cannot tell. Irish history has been one of invasions of different peoples—Celts, Christians, Vikings, Normans, English, and each of them has made a distinctive contribution to its present population. Thus the history of Ireland becomes an encounter and incorporation of different peoples and cultures. And the present complex society of Ireland is deeply influenced by her history. So knowing more about the history helps us to better understand the present situation and find ways to solve the problems. Irish history began in 6600 BC or thereabouts. But the first who indeed brought advanced civilization to Ireland were Celts. They did not unify the Ireland as a whole nat