of hepatitis C surveillance丙型肝炎监测目标课件.pptVIP

HEPATITIS A VIRUS RNA Picornavirus Single serotype worldwide Acute disease and asymptomatic infection No chronic infection Protective antibodies develop in response to infection - confers lifelong immunity HEPATITIS A - CLINICAL FEATURES GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS INFECTION HEPATITIS A, UNITED STATES ACUTE HEPATITIS A CASE DEFINITION FOR SURVEILLANCE  Clinical criteriaAn acute illness with: discrete onset of symptoms (e.g. fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea, vomiting), and jaundice or elevated serum aminotransferase levels  Laboratory criteria IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) positive  Case Classification Confirmed. A case that meets the clinical case definition and is laboratory confirmed or a case that meets the clinical case definition and occurs in a person who has an epidemiologic link with a person who has laboratory-confirmed hepatitis A (i.e., household or sexual contact with an infected person during the 15-50 days before the onset of symptoms). DISEASE BURDEN FROM HEPATITIS AUNITED STATES, 2001 Close personal contact(e.g., household contact, sex contact, child day-care centers) Contaminated food, water(e.g., infected food handlers) Blood exposure (rare)(e.g., injection drug use, rarely by transfusion) PREVENTING HEPATITIS A Hygiene (e.g., hand washing) Sanitation (e.g., clean water sources) Hepatitis A vaccine (pre-exposure) Immune globulin (pre- and post-exposure) PREPARATION OF INACTIVATED HEPATITIS A VACCINES Cell culture adapted virus grown in human fibroblasts Purified product inactivated with formalin Adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide adjuvant  HEPATITIS A VACCINES HEPATITIS A VACCINES SAFETY OF HEPATITIS A VACCINE Most common side effects Soreness/tenderness at injection site - 50% Headache - 15% Malaise - 7% No severe adverse reactions attributed to vaccine Safety in pregnancy not determined – risk likely low Contraindications - severe adverse reaction to previo