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Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes 2009 Middle 2型糖尿病患者中的危险因素课件
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Adolescent - Young Adult - Adult - Mid-aged - Older Adult - Lifestyle forming, habituation, and maintenance Obesity Diabetes CVD Physical Function Falls Fracture Stroke Cancers Quality of life / Mental health Potential Impact of Physical Activity on Diseases and Conditions: Across the Life Span Dietary factors as independent diabetes risk factors Characteristics of fat intake Whole grain / cereal fibers Dairy Glycemic load “Western diet” Fast food intake Soda intake Alcohol intake Coffee consumption Diabetes OR per 1kg Birth weight=0.78 Gestational Diabetes and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A systematic review (Kim et al., Diabetes Care, 2002) Systematic Review of the Incidence of Diabetes Associated with Various Categories of Glycemia Number of studies Regress to normal (median %) Progress to Diabetes (median %) Relative Risk of Diabetes Impaired Glucose Tolerance 26 8% 7% 6.4 (4.9 – 7.8) IGT Isolated 3 n/a 6% 5.5 (3.1 – 7.9) IFG 6 13 – 29% 5-20%* 4.7 (2.5 – 6.9) IFG Isolated 3 n/a 7% 7.5 (4.6 – 10.5) IGT and IFG 3 n/a 10-15% 12.1 (4.3 – 20) Gerstein et al., Diab Res Clin Pract, 2007 *extremely variable; 1-7% in European pops; 23-34% in Asian pops. Non-Traditional Risk Factors Serum Concentration ND 25% 25-50% 50-75% 75-90% 90-100% Cases/n 2/643 34/505 53/527 65/275 63 / 246 Prevalence -- 0.4 6.7 10.1 23.6 25.6 Adjusted OR -- Referent 14.9 (3. 0 – 65.0) 14.7 (3.4 – 63.9) 38.2 (8.0 – 183.1) 37.7 (7.8 – 182.0) Adjusted OR --- 0.07 (0.02 – 0.33) Ref 1.1 (0.6 – 1.7) 2.7 (1.5 – 4.9) 2.7 (1.5 – 4.8) Lee et al., Diab Care, 2007 Upstream / Contextual Factors as Risk Factors for Obesity and Diabetes Poverty Education Food insecurity Food environment Neighborhood factors County-level Estimates of Diagnosed Diabetes for Adults aged ≥ 20 years: United States 2005 Summary: Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabe
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