英语语法之句子成分.doc

一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 句子成分详解表 句子成分 意义 充当词类 例句 主语 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事 名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或 句子 We study in Linzi Middle School. 谓语 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 动词或动词词组 She is dancing under the tree. 宾语 表示动作行为的对象 同主语 Both of us like English. 表语 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征 同主语 Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable. 定语 用来修饰名词或代词 形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 We have eight lessons every day. 状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等 副词，介词短语或句 子 He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood. 宾语 补足语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形容词，名词，介词 短语等 She always keeps the house clean. 主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！ （二）主语： 主语 (Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： 1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （ ） 2. We often speak English in class. （ ） 3. One-third of the students in this class are girls. （ ） 4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. （ ） 5. Smoking does harm to the health. （ ） 6. The rich should help the poor. （ ） 7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （ ） 8. It is necessary to master a foreign language. （ ） 趁热打铁 一．改错： 1. Do exercise is good for your health. 2. Eat much meat is bad for your health. 二．指出下列句中主语的中心词： The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. 三． 找出下面句子的主语： 1. It is a pleasure to talk to you. 2. Cleaning the house needs a lot of time. （三）谓语 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样，由动词充当。主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词有多种时态，它是句子的核心。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. Open the door ,please. Don’t laugh at others. 注意： 祈使句，省略主语you 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如： We are students. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。 趁热打铁 一．找