（脉络膜）课件.pptVIP

Chapter 2Digital Image Fundamentals Contents in Chapter 2 2.1 Elements of Human Visual Perception 2.2 Light and Electromagnetic Spectrum 2.3 Image Sensing and Acquisition 2.4 Image Sampling and Quantization 2.5 Some Basic Relationships Between Pixels 2.6 Linear and nonlinear operations 2.1 Elements of Visual Perception The importance of visual perception in DIP: Although the foundation of digital image processing is based on mathematical and probabilistic formulations, human subjective visual judgments plays a central role in the choice of one technique over another. We are interested in the mechanics and parameters related to how images are formed in our eyes. 2.1.1 Structure of the Human Eye Figure 2.1 shows a simplified diagram of a cross section of the human eye. The eye is a sphere with average diameter 20mm. 2.1.1 Structure of the Human Eye Three membranes enclose the eye: Layer1(outer cover):Cornea (角膜) and Sclera (鞏膜) Layer2 : Choroid (脈絡膜) Front: Ciliary body 睫狀體 控制眼球轉動及聚焦 Iris diaphragm 虹膜 Control the amount of incoming light Pupil (瞳孔) :the central opening of Iris varied from 2-8mm 2.1.1 Structure of the Human Eye Lens (晶狀體) : contains 60-70% of water, 6% fat and protein. Cataract (白內障) may cause poor vision. Absorb 8% of visible light and most infrared ultraviolet by protein. Excessive light may damage. Layer3 : Retina (視網膜) Contains distribution of discrete two classes of light receptors (1) Cones (2) Rods (See Fig. 2.2) 2.1.1 Structure of the Human Eye Cones: 6-7 million/eye (see Fig. 2.2 Distribution) Distribution centered at fovea Highly sensitive to color; can resolve fine details because has its own nerve. called photopic or bright light vision. Rods: 75-150 millions/eye, Lower resolution because several rods share a nerve. Gives a general overall picture of a view. not involved in color, but