（脑膨出_脑疝）课件.pptVIP

Company Logo Encephalocele（脑膨出） what’s the difference ? Company Logo Brain herniation （脑疝） Encephalocele （脑膨出） Definition Encephalocele is a neural tube defect characterized by sac-like protrusions of the brain and the membranes that cover it through openings in the skull. These defects are caused by failure of the neural tube to close completely during fetal development. Brain herniation Brain herniation(脑疝) is a potentially deadly side effect of very high intracranial pressure that occurs when a part of the brain is squeezed across structures within the skull. Herniation can be caused by a number of factors that cause a mass effect and increase intracranial pressure (ICP): these include traumatic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage, or brain tumor. Company Logo Company Logo Contents 1 2 3 4 Classifications Causes Symptoms Diagnosis 5 Treatment Classifications Encephaloceles are generally classified as nasofrontal, naso-ethmoidal, or naso-orbital, however, there can be some overlap in the type of encephalocele. If the bulging portion contains only cerebrospinal fluid and the overlaying membrane, it may be called a meningocele. If brain tissue is present, it may be referred to as an meningoencephalocele. Company Logo Classifications According to the disease location: Nasofrontal(鼻额骨型)encephaloceles Nasoethmoidal(筛鼻骨型) encephaloceles Naso-orbital(鼻眶型) encephaloceles According to contents of the bulging portion: Meningocele(脑脊髓膜膨出) cerebrospinal fluid and the covering membrane. Meningoencephalocele(脑脑膜膨出) Brian tissue and the covering membrane. Company Logo Causes Although the exact cause is unknown, it is caused by failure of the neural tube to close completely during fetal development. 3 primary causes: Teratogens(致畸剂)(substances known to cause birth defects.) Trypan blue(台盼蓝)(a stain used to color dead tissues or cells blue.) Arsenic(砷剂) Company Logo nitrite common teratogen Symptoms It is often accompanied by craniof