2NMR物理基础Resnance.ppt

Homework - Simulation * * * * * What does it mean？Effect？Affected by what？ * Relaxation Vs Excitation MR Signal? M The MZ is very small when compared to the external magnetic field, B0. T1 Longitudinal relaxation time (纵向弛豫时间常数) Spin - lattice relaxation time (自旋 - 晶格弛豫时间常数) 描述纵向磁化强度矢量的恢复速率 a variety of relaxation mechanisms allow nuclear spins to exchange energy with their surroundings, the lattice, allowing the spin populations to equilibrate. The fact that T1 relaxation involves an interaction with the surroundings is the origin of the alternative description, spin-lattice relaxation. 不同的 B0, T1 有变化. B0 T1 T2 Transverse relaxation time(横向弛豫时间常数) Spin - spin relaxation time （自旋 -自旋弛豫时间常数） 描述横向磁化强度矢量的衰减速率 横向弛豫机制 同类磁等价核的偶极相互作用 Random fluctuations of the local magnetic field lead to random variations in the instantaneous NMR precession frequency of different spins. As a result, the initial phase coherence of the nuclear spins is lost, until eventually the phases are disordered and there is no net xy magnetization. Because T2 relaxation involves only the phases of other nuclear spins it is often called spin-spin relaxation At a main field of 1.5 T Tissue Type Approximate T1 value in ms Approximate T2 value in ms Adipose tissues 240-250 60-80 Whole blood (deoxygenated) 1350 50 Whole blood (oxygenated) 1350 200 Cerebrospinal fluid (similar to pure water) 4200 - 4500 2100-2300 Gray matter of cerebrum 920 100 White matter of cerebrum 780 90 Liver 490 40 Kidneys 650 60-75 Muscles 860-900 50 In most situations (but not in principle) T1 is greater than T2. ？ 组织弛豫的决定因素 1）组织的含水量：使组织含水量变化的化学物理环境均可导致组织弛豫速率的变化。 如：水肿、糖尿病性脱水、运动消耗性脱水 组织弛豫的决定因素 2）水的杂乱运动：不同的大分子可对其表面上的水分子的运动产生扰动，运动状态发生变化。 3）大分子的运动：大分子运动受PH值、电解质浓度、分子的形状、流体力学及它的聚合状态等因素影响。大分子运动频率在100kHz~100MHz，低频条件下，它对弛豫的影响大。 4）脂肪含量：极性膜质T2较短、非极性脂质T2较长。一般脂质T1较短（脑组织例外） 5）顺磁性粒子的作用：使T1、T2变短，Gd，SPIO。 弛豫的生物学意义 人体不同组织器官间氢质子的弛豫特性有很大差别； 正常组织、异常组织间1H的弛豫特性有很大差别； V.人体组织中的水及弛豫特性 ~70% 80%~细胞内，20%~细胞外； H2O中1H密度其他有机