AMINO ACIDS STRUCTURAL UNITS OF PROTEINS:氨基酸结构单元的蛋白质.ppt

AMINO ACIDS STRUCTURAL UNITS OF PROTEINS:氨基酸结构单元的蛋白质.ppt

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AMINO ACIDS STRUCTURAL UNITS OF PROTEINS:氨基酸结构单元的蛋白质.ppt

AMINO ACIDS STRUCTURAL UNITS OF PROTEINS AMINO ACIDS: These are the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 amino acids that built up a protein An a amino acid consists of a central carbon atom called the ‘α’ carbon to which four different groups are attached: 1. an amino group, 2. a carboxylic acid group, 3. a hydrogen atom and 4. a distinctive R group (side chain) is attached [except glycine]. Amino acid Because of the asymmetric α -carbon, α-amino acids are Chiral and may exist as an L isomer or D isomer. Both the L isomer and D isomer are mirror image of one another and are nonsuperimposable. Only L-Amino Acids Occur in Proteins PROPERTIES OF AMINO ACIDS The Genetic Code Specifies 20 L--Amino Acids Of the over 300 naturally occurring amino acids, 20 constitute the monomer units of proteins 10 Essential amino acids- 8 essential + 2semi-essential PVT TIM HALL [H and A: semiessential aa] methylation, formylation, acetylation and phosphorylation of certain aminoacyl residues. The modifications in structures extend the biologic diversity of proteins by altering their solubility, stability, and interaction with other proteins. Optical Properties of the Amino Acids A tetrahedral carbon atom with 4 distinct constituents is said to be chiral or optically active. The one amino acid not exhibiting chirality is glycine since its R-group is a hydrogen atom. Chirality describes the ability of a molecule to rotate the plane of polarized light either to the to the left (levorotatory) or right (dextrorotatory) . The two forms L and D are called as stereoisomers, optical isomers or enantiomers. All amino acids in proteins exhibit the same absolute steric configuration as L-glyceraldehyde. Therefore, they are all L-α-amino acids. D-amino acids are never found in proteins, although they exist in nature. D-amino acids are often found in polypetide antibiotics and bacterial cell wall. The 20 Standard Amino Acids Only 20 common or stan

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