心理学Psycholog英文版PPT（09记忆）课件_1.ppt

中英文日报导航站 中英文日报导航站 中英文日报导航站 Forgetting Forgetting as encoding failure Information never enters the long-term memory External events Sensory memory Short- term memory Long- term memory Attention Encoding Encoding Encoding failure leads to forgetting 中英文日报导航站 Forgetting Forgetting as encoding failure Which penny is the real thing? 中英文日报导航站 Forgetting Ebbinghaus forgetting curve over 30 days-- initially rapid, then levels off with time 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 25 30 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 Time in days since learning list Percentage of list retained when relearning 中英文日报导航站 Forgetting The forgetting curve for Spanish learned in school Retention drops, then levels off 1 3 5 9? 14? 25 35? 49? Time in years after completion of Spanish course 100% 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Percentage of original vocabulary retained 中英文日报导航站 Retrieval Forgetting can result from failure to retrieve information from long-term memory External events Attention Encoding Encoding Retrieval failure leads to forgetting Retrieval Sensory memory Short-term memory Long-term memory 中英文日报导航站 Forgetting as Interference Learning some items may disrupt retrieval of other information Proactive (forward acting) Interference disruptive effect of prior learning on recall of new information Retroactive (backwards acting) Interference disruptive effect of new learning on recall of old information 中英文日报导航站 Forgetting as Interference 中英文日报导航站 Forgetting Retroactive Interference Without interfering events, recall is better After sleep After remaining awake 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hours elapsed after learning syllables 90% 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Percentage of syllables recalled 中英文日报导航站 Forgetting Forgetting can occur at any memory stage As we process information, we filter, alter, or lose much of it 中英文日报导航站 Forgetting- Interference