研读高考试题-玩转虚拟语气.doc

研读高考试题，玩转虚拟语气 随着越来越多的省份进入到新课改后的高考,虚拟语气也逐渐走入考生的视野。2010年,全国各地18套英语试题中有10套试题考查或涉及了虚拟语气,应引起广大考生的注意。下面笔者将结合2010年高考试题,梳理虚拟语气的考查热点,希望能够对下一届考生有所帮助。 　　虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,有时并不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示,真真假假,虚虚实实,是高中教学中的难点和新课改后的重点语法项目之一。 　　 　　热点1 在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中考查虚拟语气 　　 　　1. 考查含有虚拟条件句的主从复合句中谓语动词的构成 　　含有虚拟条件句的主从复合句中谓语动词的构成非常规则,请看下表: 　　 　　例如: 　　If everyone in the country bought one soft-drink each day and threw it away, there would soon be a huge mountain of rubbish. 如果全国每个人每天买一罐饮料,然后把空罐扔掉,垃圾很快就会堆积如山了。(对现在的虚拟) 　　If the hurricane had happened during the day time, there would have been many more deaths. 倘若飓风发生在白天,那么死亡的人数还会多得多。(对过去的虚拟) 　　If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out. 如果明天下雪,他们就不出去了。(对将来的虚拟) 　　【真题】 　　① If he _______ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. (2010年湖南卷) 　　A. followed B. should follow 　　C. had followed D. would follow 　　【解析】 题干的意思是:“要是他听取了我的建议,就不会失去工作了。”根据wouldnt have lost可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟,从句里应该用had done结构,故正确答案为C。 　　② John went to the hospital alone. If he ______ me about it, I would have gone with him. (2010年天津卷) 　　A. should tell B. tells 　　C. told D. had told 　　【解析】 题干的意思是:“约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话,我会跟他一起去的。”前一句是陈述语气,说明动作发生在过去,而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone,说明这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,与之对应的从句结构应该用had done。正确答案为D。 　　③ If we _______ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. (2010年陕西卷) 　　A. take B. had taken 　　C. took D. have taken 　　【解析】题干的意思是:“如果我们走了另一条路的话,我们或许能及时到达这里参加会议。”所填选项作虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语,根据主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反,故所填部分用had done形式。正确答案为B。 　　④ —The weather has been very hot and dry. 　　 —Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ______. (2010年北京卷) 　　A. wouldnt die B. didnt die 　　C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died 　　【解析】 第二个说话人的if条件句是我们解题的关键。题干的意思是:“要是当时哪怕下一滴雨,现在的情况就好得多了!我的蔬菜也就不会死了。”而事实是过去并没有下雨,所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。将句子还原为:“If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldnt have died.”故正确答案为D。 　　 　　2. 考查省略if的虚拟条件句应使用部分倒装语序 　　如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有