基于可编程逻辑器的三相正弦波脉宽调制信号发生器.docVIP

摘 要 在工农业生产中广泛使用三相交流异步电动机。三相交流异步电动机的调速技术主要采用交-直-交变频调速技术。交-直-交V/F控制变频调速通常采用了正弦波脉宽调制（SPWM）技术，通过改变SPWM的调制正弦波的频率和电压实现电机的变频调速。 研究如何利用大规模可编程器件FPGA产生SPWM具有重要意义。基于FPGA的三相SPWM发生器具有低成本，高灵活性，高可靠性，高可扩展能力等优点，因此可以与其他功能模块或IP芯核相结合应用在低成本的正弦驱动场合。 设计了基于FPGA的对称规则采样和不对称规则采样的三相SPWM发生器模块，其开关频率至少可以达到50kHz，调频范围2kHz以上，死区时间和调制比均可调，并通过了仿真验证了不对称规则采样的输出特性要明显优于对称规则采样。采用分时操作的方法就可以应用较低成本的FPGA达到上诉性能要求，因此该模块与转子位置预估等功能模块相结合应用于无刷直流电动机飞简易正弦驱动场合。 关键词：FPGA；SPWM；EDA Abstract In the industrial and agricultural production in the widely used three-phase AC induction motor. Three-phase AC induction motor speed control technology is mainly made of AC-DC-AC inverter. AC-DC-AC V/F control of variable speed is usually used sine-wave PWM (SPWM) technology, by changing the SPWM modulation sine wave frequency and voltage for motor frequency. Study how to use large-scale FPGA programmable devices produce SPWM. Three-phase based on FPGA SPWM generator has a low-cost, high flexibility, high reliability, high scalability, etc., and other functional modules or IP cores combined application in low-cost sine-driven applications. The symmetric and asymmertric regular-sampled three-phase SWPM generator modules based on FPGA are designed ,with the switch frequency up to 50KHz at least, the range of the modulated frequency not less than 2KHz and the adjustable characteristic of asymmetric regular-sampling is much better than of symmetric regular-sampling.The above perfoumance index of the SPWM module can be realized on a low cost FPGA through time-sharing operation,so it applies to the simple-sine-wave driving of BLDCM(brushless DC motor)with rotor position estimation module and other modules. Keywords：FPGA;SPWM;EDA 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 第1章 绪论 1 1.1 课题背景 1 1.2现代EDA技术概述 2 1.3 EDA设计思想在电机控制方面的意义 5 第2章 方案选择 7 2.1 PWM技术的分类 7 2.2 SPWM实现方法的选用 8 2.2.1采用离散电路实现SPWM 8 2.2.2采用集成电路实现SPWM 8 2.2.3对称规则采样法SPWM模块的方案设计 9 2.2.4不对称规则采样SPWM模块的方案设计 11 本章小结 13 第3章 三相SPWM脉宽调制模块的实现 14 3.1同步控制单元 14 3.2分时查表单元 14 3.3占空比计算单元 15 3.4 SPWM生成单元 16 3.5 死区发生器