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CROATIA克罗地亚 History?? ?????????? The Croats are largely Slavic-speaking people who lived in an area of what is today Galicia (in Ukraine and Poland).? They migrated further south to present-day Croatia during the 7th century.? Nominally under East Roman and then Frankish authority, Croatia became a strong independent kingdom, but in 1102 the Croatians ended a decade-long dynastic struggle by agreeing to submit themselves to Hungarian authority.? By the mid-1400s, the Hungarian kingdom was hurt by the Ottoman expansion as much of the country now known as Bosnia and Herzegovina fell to the Turks.? The Battle of Mohács in 1526 led the Croatian Parliament to invite the Habsburgs? to assume control over Croatia. Habsburg thwarted the Ottomans, and by the 18th century, much of Croatia was free of Turkish control and came under Habsburg Monarchy (Austrian Monarchy or simply Austria) between 1797 and 1815. ?????????? Following World War I and the demise of Austria-Hungary, Croatia joined the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (which became Yugoslavia in 1929). Yugoslavia was invaded during World War II and Croatia was became a fascist state named the Independent State of Croatia. After the defeat of the Axis powers, Yugoslavia became a federal socialist state under the strong hand of Josip Broz Tito. ?????????? Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it had to endure four-to-five years of fighting with the Yugoslav Peoples Army and the Army of the internationally unrecognized Republic of Serbian Krajina. The Croatian major offensives in 1995 defeated the separatists and ended the war, restoring the territories of Krajina to Croatia.? Between 1992 and late 1995, various Croatian forces were also involved in the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Peaceful integration of the remaining separatist territories was completed in 1998 under UN supervision. Geography?? ?????????? Croatia is a crescent-shaped country in Europe bordering the Mediterrane