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Philosophy Today - UC Davis Welcome to the University of 今天的哲学- UC戴维斯欢迎大学.ppt

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Philosophy Today - UC Davis Welcome to the University of 今天的哲学- UC戴维斯欢迎大学

Philosophy Today Philosophy 1 Spring, 2002 G. J. Mattey The Great Divide Most contemporary philosophers follow one of two approaches “Continental” philosophy “Analytic” philosophy Continental philosophy is more influential on the European continent Analytic philosophy is predominant in the major research universities in the English-speaking world Analytic Philosophy Analytic philosophy developed from attempts in the early 20th century to make our concepts precise The model of this procedure was science Rudolf Carnap (1891-1970) was a leading positivist, who held that what is not analytic or scientifically verifiable is meaningless Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) eventually held that analyses do not yield precise results and held that philosophy is merely therapeutic Analytic Philosophy Today Emphasis in contemporary analytic philosophy is on language and meaning, and meaning is understood as a relation between language and objective reality Thus, understanding the structure of language is what reveals the structure of reality We now have powerful symbolic tools to aid us Saul Kripke (1940- ) led a revival of metaphysics by making hyper-scientific concepts precise Continental Philosophy Immanuel Kant’s “Copernican revolution” made the human point of view primary This revolution was carried on German philosophers in the 19th century, culminating in Nietzsche In the early 20th century, Edmund Husserl invented “phenomenology” This was developed by Martin Heidegger and Sartre into “existentialism” Continental Philosophy Today Work in phenomenology and existentialism continues to be done The main thrust in continental philosophy today follows Nietzsche Michel Foucault (1926-1984) understood knowledge as practice, and practice as based on relations of power Jacques Derrida (1930- ) promotes “deconstruction” and opposes “logocentrism” Academic Culture Clash Analytic philosophers accuse continental philosophers of sloppy, or even meaningless, thinking Continental philosop