赢在学校,输在职场——女性困境.docVIP

赢在学校,输在职场——女性困境 　　学生时代，女生的成绩通常要比男生好。认真、刻苦、踏实、执着——这些都是女生出奇制胜的法宝。然而，在她们走出象牙塔、踏入职场的那一刻，所谓的法宝似乎开始失效，女性渐渐丧失了原有的优势。面对不利的竞争形势，女性反而更加迷信高学历的作用。殊不知，教育并非万能的灵药，好成绩也不再是可靠的保障。 　　In her new book， Lean In， Sheryl Sandberg1）， Facebook’s chief operating officer， recounts a warning she delivered to Harvard Business School students in 2011. “About one-third of the women in this audience will be working full-time” in 15 years， she told them. “And almost all of you will be working for the guy you are sitting next to.” 　　Surveying the stubborn gender inequalities of the early-21st-century workplace， Sandberg has written what might best be described as a cross between a feminist treatise2） and an airport business book， in which she advocates for structural changes to make corporate America more hospitable to women—particularly mothers. She also issues a bracing3） call for women to propel themselves ever higher， take more risks， speak up， negotiate， and pull a seat up to the table. But for all the persuasive parts of her argument， a vexing4） contradiction remains mostly unaddressed. In one important arena， women have already， to borrow Sandberg’s phrase， been leaning in： school. Women surpassed men as a percentage of college students in the late 1980s， and by 2009 had become the majority of master’s-degree students and doctoral candidates. The majority of Americans older than 25 with college degrees are， today， women. Yet just 4.2 percent of Fortune 500 CEOs are women. So why hasn’t women’s success in the academy led them to more leadership positions in the work world？ 　　Forty years ago， Title IX5） mandated equality for women. But it did so only in schools. In the decades since Congress passed this law， which prohibits sex-based discrimination in education， women have flocked to the ivory tower. There， enforced equal standing is coupled with criteria for success that are transparent， and that reward industriousness. Many parts of the work world， by comparison， are still plagued by sexi