过觉醒亢进症状-JAMSNET.PPT

* * * * Following disasters there may be grief for the loss of loved ones, home, valuable possessions, and livelihood. Bereavement refers to the loss itself, whereas grief refers to the involuntary emotions and behaviors that people demonstrate while bereaved. Examples of grief reactions include loss of sleep, energy or appetite. Mourning are the social expressions of loss that maybe religiously and culturally determined. Grief reactions normally diminish and heal with time, typically on the order of weeks. Prolonged reactions or more intense reactions become reasons for concern. * Although grieving is a normal and important process, there are ways in which people may develop problems with grieving. In inhibited grief, they actually feel too little emotion and are too contained, with possible risks this may pose for having significant depression or other problems later. In distorted grief, anger inordinately predominates over sadness. On the other hand, some people may get burdened by excess guilt. And, sometimes the grieving can simply become too prolonged, although there is no consensus among experts as to what amount of time this reflects. What is too long can vary from person to person and situation to situation. Finally, as mentioned, grieving can transform itself into clinical depression. At their most extreme, both this form and excessive guilt may be associated with suicidal thinking and behavior and even psychosis (in which people develop, for example, disturbing and un-relenting hallucinations beyond just hearing the voice of their lost loved one(s) or become delusionaly paranoid). (Ehrenreich and McQuaide, Copuing With Disasters: A Guidebook to Psychosocial Intervention2001) * In response to their psychological experience during the acute phase, many, if not most, people demonstrate positive coping behaviors, such as those listed here…. [read list] * On the other hand, some people react with negative coping behaviors [read list]. An example of “o