Fuels and Emissions Lessons Learned in the US在我们学会了燃料和排放的教训.pptVIP

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Fuels and Emissions Lessons Learned in the US在我们学会了燃料和排放的教训.ppt

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Fuels and Emissions Lessons Learned in the US在我们学会了燃料和排放的教训

Fuels and Emissions: Lessons Learned in the U.S. Lester Wyborny II U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Transportation and Air Quality Outline Air Quality Concerns in the U.S. Emissions from Fuels: What we Learned from Emissions Testing Fuel Quality Enabling Emissions Control Overview of U.S. Fuel Programs Conclusions Air Quality Concerns in the U.S. Why are we concerned about emissions from motor vehicles? Air Quality Concerns in the U.S. Congress established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Pb, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and PM EPA recently revised the standards for Ozone and PM Toxics reductions for cars/trucks required since the mid ‘90s Air Quality Standards in the U.S. The NAAQS Standards are: Lead 1.5 mg/M3 CO 35 ppm 1 Hr.; 9 ppm 8 Hr. SO2 0.03 ppm Yr.; 0.14 ppm Day; 0.50 1Hr NO2 0.053 ppm Yr Ozone 0.08 ppm 3 Yr. Avg. of 4th Highest 8 Hr.; was 0.12 ppm 1 Hr. PM2.5 15 ug/M3 Yr.; 65 ug/M3 Day PM10 50 ug/M3 Yr.; 150 ug/M3 Day Air Quality Standards in the U.S. NO2 is no longer a health concern Pb is not a transportation issue SO2 is a secondary pollutant issue CO 15 counties still exceed the std. O3 26 areas do not or would not meet the 1 hr std. PM 15 areas violate the PM 10 std. Emission Impacts of Fuels How does changing fuel quality affect emissions of pollutants, or enable emissions control? Emission Impacts of Fuels Both Diesel and Gasoline powered engines have been tested with varying fuel quality. The testing has shown how fuel quality affects emissions of HCs, NOx and PM emissions. Emission Impacts of Fuels Fuel quality in diesel engines presented for three different engines: 1989 w/Mechanical fuel injection (SAE961074) 1999 w/Electronic fuel injection (SAE950251) 2002 w/Electronic FI and Cooled EGR (HDEWG /epatac/heavy/heavy.htm) All are without aftertreatment, with moderate/high pressure fuel injection. Emission Impacts of Fuels Emission Impacts of Fuels Emission Impacts of Fuels Sulfur, Aromatics, T-95 and cetane have been shown t