Fuels and Combustion燃料和燃烧.pptVIP

Fuels and Combustion Recommended Books Fuels and Combustion; M.L. Smith K.W. Stinson Fuels and Fuel Technology ; W. Francis M.C. Peters Fuel – Solid , Liquid and Gaseous; J.S.S. Brame J.G. King Hydrocarbon Fuels; E.M. Goodger Coal Conversion Processes; Stanley Lee Fuel Testing: Laboratory Methods in Fuel Technology; G.W. Himus Methods of Analysis of Fuels and Oils; J.R. Campbell Fuel A substance which produce heat either by combustion or by nuclear fission / fusion Classification of Fuels Fuels can be classified as solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Solid fuels???????? : wood, coal, charcoal and cokeLiquid fuels??????? : petrol, kerosene, diesel, alcohol etcGaseous fuels?? : methane, propane, butane, hydrogen, coal gas, gobar gas etc Classification of Fuels Combustion Combustion is the conversion of a substance called a fuel into chemical compounds known as products of combustion by combination with an oxidizer. The combustion process is an exothermic chemical reaction, i.e., a reaction that releases energy ??? Combustion Combustion or burning is a complex sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel (usually a hydrocarbon) and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat or both heat and light Combustion Fuel + Oxidizer = Products of combustion + Energy Fuel ? Oxidizer ? Products of Combustion ? Incomplete Combustion ? Basic Flame types Premixed: Fuel and oxidizer are mixed first and burned later Non-premixed: Combustion and mixing occur simultaneously Combustion Air-Fuel Ratio; A/F Oxygen-Fuel Ratio; O/F Stoichiometric or Theoretical A/F Excess Air % excess air = 100[(A/F)actual - (A/F)theo ]/(A/F)theo 120% of theoretical air ? Fuel- Rich flame: If there is an excess of fuel Fuel - lean flame : if there is an excess of oxygen Combustion 1 kg of C needs ? kg of O2 1 kg of H2 needs ? Kg of O2 1 kg of Sulphur needs ? kg of O2 Combustion Problem: A fuel contains by mass 88 % carbon