Motivation and Emotion - Welcome to AP Psychology - Home动机和情绪心理学家欢迎.pptVIP

Motivation The forces that act on or within an organism to initiate and direct behavior towards a specific goal A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior Instinct Theories Motivation is innate and due to genetic programming Instincts are rigidly patterned throughout a species and are unlearned Animals display instinctive behavior patterns such as migration and mating behavior IE. Salmon returning to their birth place, birds migrating south for the winter Instinct Motivation Examples of Instincts? Rivalry Submission Sympathy Modesty Fear Secretiveness Shyness Repulsion Cleanliness Jealousy Food-Seeking Curiosity Sociability Combativeness Parental Love Hunting Mating Constructiveness Drive-Reduction Theory Behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs A physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need Drive-Reduction Motivation Homeostasis = The body monitors and maintains relatively constant levels of internal states, such as body temperature, fluid levels, and energy supplies If any of these levels deviates very far from the optimal level, the body initiates processes to bring the condition back to normal Drive-Reduction Motivation A grumbling stomach and fatigue signal hunger. To bring your energy state back to an optimal level and achieve homeostasis, your behavior is to eat. Dry mouth is a signal of water depletion. In order to bring water levels back to normal, you drink. Goose-bumps or shivering signals low body temperature. You put on a jacket to get warmer. Opponent-Process TheoryArousal Theory/Yerkes-Dodson Law Motivation for behaviors is based on emotions (an emotional homeostasis). Behaviors are motivated by an emotional drive or influenced by moods. Opponent-Process Motivation We’re sad, so we eat to feel better. We’re lonely, so we join an online chat group or gaming site to feel connected. We’re happy,