Self-Assembly of Crystals晶体的自组装.pptVIP

Integrating Self-Assembly into the study of Ionic Crystals Rob SnyderJuly 2012 Studies of geometric forms are included in a geometry curriculum as well as in a study of the arrangement of atoms and ions in molecules and in ionic crystals. Sodium chloride crystals with cubic cleavage form when ions slowly form a crystalline lattice structure. Evaporation of salt water is the oldest method of “table salt” production. It is practical in warm climates where evaporation rates exceed precipitation rates for extended periods where there are steady prevailing winds Sodium chloride deposits formed as water very slowly evaporated in ancient shallow seas. Those deposits were then buried deep beneath Earth’s surface by geologic processes. This salt mine is 1200 feet below the city of Detroit. Table salt is sometimes mined from “salt domes”. Pressure exerted on forced some salt deposits up through Earth’s rock layers from depths as great as 30,000 or 40,000 feet. Crystals of NaCl can show cubic cleavage due to the ratio of diameters of sodium and chloride ions that is 1.r+ = cation radius r- = anion radius Questions to pose to students either before or during a crystal growing activity. How would you make a saturated or supersaturated solution of sodium chloride? How would you recover the solute from a sodium chloride solution? How would you manage the evaporation process to form very small sodium chloride crystals? Students can be asked to describe the forces that play a role as an ionic solute dissolves in a polar solvent to form a solution. The rate at which a solution forms depends on: Temperature Mixing Degree of unsaturation Solute particle size. Animations are available that illustrate the interactions between water and an ionic solute. Examples have been developed by: The American Chemical Society /multimedia/chapter5/lesson3#sodium_chloride_dissolving /chemistryreview/solids/ The Virtual Chem Book /~chm/vc