17-18版：(全国)Period-Three-Gramar-Speaking--Writing.docxVIP

Period Three　Grammar，Speaking Writing 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气(Indicative Mood)、祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)。不同的语气用动词的不同形式(有的还借助句法形式)来表示。 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中)；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中)。本单元主要学习与现在事实或将来事实相反的if虚拟条件句以及wish等后面从句中的虚拟语气。 一、虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法（Ⅰ） if条件句条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反if＋主语＋动词过去式主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形与将来事实相反if＋主语＋should＋动词原形 if＋主语＋were＋动词不定式 if＋主语＋动词过去式主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反if＋主语＋had＋过去分词主语＋should/would/could/might have＋过去分词 (一)表示与现在事实相反的假设 1.If I were you，I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。 2.If I had any money with me，I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你一些。 3.If you tried again，you might succeed. 如果你再试一次，你或许会取得成功。 注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去式一律用 were，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替(如例句1)。 即时跟踪1　 (1)要是我父亲现在在这里，他会告诉我该做什么。 If my father were here now，he would tell me what to do. (2)对不起，我现在太忙了，如果我有时间，我当然会和你去郊游。 Sorry，I am too busy now.If I had time，I would certainly go for an outing with you. (二)表示可能与将来情况相反的假设 1.If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就会跟他谈谈。 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday，we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 3.If it were to rain tomorrow，our plan would be postponed. 如果明天下雨，我们的计划就会被推迟。 注意：当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were，should时， 条件从句中if可以省略，但需用部分倒装形式，即把were，should置于句首，多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there，we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here，she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 即时跟踪2　 (1)用所给动词的正确形式或适当的情态动词填空 ①If it were to snow(snow) this evening，they would not go out. ②According to the school rules，if a student should happen to damage something by accident，he/she should report it to a teacher or the office immediately. (2)改为倒装句 If it should rain tomorrow/If it were to rain，we would have to stay at home. →Should it rain tomorrow，we would have to stay at home. →Were it to rain tomorrow，we would have to stay at home. 二、虚拟条件句的特殊句式 (一)错综时间条件句 在虚拟条件句中，条件从句所表示的动作如果与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这种条件句叫错综时间条件句。主