神经生物学8脑的高级整合功能.pptVIP

Thank you * * * * 777 * 777 * 777 * * 兔子眨眼反射 involve cerebellum vermis小脑蚓 and inerpositus nucleus间位核发挥重要作用 * Questions: 1.The responses might have been the result of localized seizure activity. 2.Only 8% of all attempts at stimulating the temporal lobes. Penfield was trying to treat patients with intractable epilepsy. Before an epileptic seizure, he knew, patients experience an aura, a warning that the seizure is about to occur. Penfield thought if he could provoke this aura with a mild electric current on the brain, then he would have located the source of the seizure activity and could remove or destroy that bit of tissue. While patients were fully conscious, though anaesthetized, he opened their skulls and tried to pinpoint the source of their epilepsy. His technique was often successful, but his experimental surgery led him to an even more dramatic discovery. Stimulation anywhere on the cerebral cortex could bring responses of one kind or another, but he found that only by stimulating the temporal lobes (the lower parts of the brain on each side) could he elicit meaningful, integrated responses such as memory, including sound, movement, and color. These memories were much more distinct than usual memory, and were often about things unremembered under ordinary circumstances. Yet if Penfield stimulated the same area again, the exact same memory popped up -- a certain song, the view from a childhood window -- each time. It seemed he had found a physical basis for memory, an engram.“ Temporal cortex may a site of long-memory storage. He also developed a map of the brain, often portrayed as a cartoon called the motor homunculus (miniature human being). This cartoon character has features drawn according to how much brain space they take up. Therefore, lips and fingers with their high number of nerve endings are larger than arms and legs. Penfield is the student of Sherrington, British neurophysiologist, who proposed nociception and motor map. * absence seizure