英语虚拟语气神复习总结.docVIP

Subjunctive Mood 什么是语气：英语中的语气是动词的一种形式，用来表示说话人对某件事或者某种言行的看法。 3种语气：陈述语气（涵感叹、疑问），祈使语气，虚拟语气 ▲陈述语气：讲述事实、提出疑问。用于陈述句，感叹句，疑问句。 e.g. I went to the shopping mall after supper. ▲祈使语气：表达直接命令或请求。用于祈使句。 e.g. Get out of here! （板书以下句子） ① If I were Jackie Chan, I would be very rich. (假设/实际上我就是我，我不可能是成龙) ② I wish I could fly. (愿望/实际上我是人，我不可能飞) ③ We suggest that everyone should help AIDS patients. (建议/不可能每人都帮助) 虚拟语气: 一种特殊的动词形式，表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种想象、假设、推测、意见、愿望、怀疑等。 虚拟语气的基本形式： (1). if引导的非真实条件句 基本构成：if+非真实条件（从句）+假设结果（主句） 三种情况：和过去事实相反，和现在事实相反，和未来事实相反 ▲和过去事实相反 从句 主句 If sb/sth had done, sb/sth should/could/would/might have done E.g. If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him. ▲和现在事实相反 从句 主句 If sb/sth did (be 动词用were), sb/sth should/could/would/might do E.g. If he were here, he would help us. If I knew his telephone number, I would call him. ▲和将来事实相反 从句 主句 If sb/sth did If sb/sth should do sb/sth should/could/would/might do If sb/sth were to do E.g. If he were here, he would help us. If it should rain tomorrow, the plane would be ruined. If she were to be a teacher, she should work harder. ★注意 ▲错综时间条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来 e.g. If you had taken medicine yesterday, you would be quite all right now. (从句与过去事实相反：如果你昨天吃药了的话；主句与现在事实相反：你现在就已经痊愈了) ▲省略if的倒装：在if引导的条件句中，可省略if，把were, should, had提到句首，变为倒装句式 e.g. ①.If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him. Had I known his telephone number, I would have called him. ②.If he were here, he would help us. Were he here, he would help us. ③.If it should rain tomorrow, the plane would be ruined. Should it rain tomorrow, the plane would be ruined. ④. If you had not told me his telephone number, I should have never know it. Had you not told me his telephone number, I should have never know it. (如果条件从句是否定句，倒装时not只能放在主语后，不能写成hadn’t you...) . 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 ▲wish后的宾语从句 表过去：过去完成时