免疫细胞的分化发育.pptx

The Development of Immune Cells Four chapters The Development of Immune Cells T lymphocyte B lymphocyte BCR and TCR The origin of immune cells Fundamental Immunology, 7th edition The cells of the immune system derive from precursors in the bone marrow Question: Are erythrocytes and platelets immune cells? Bone marrow: most B cells complete most of their development. B cells also originate and develop in the fetal liver and the neonatal spleen. Thymus: the precursors of most T cells migrate from bone marrow to the thymus, where they develop into mature T cells. Some T cells that form specialized populations within the gut epithelium may migrate as immature precursors from the bone marrow to develop in sites called cryptopatches just under the intestinal epithelial crypts. We will mainly focus here on the development of bone marrow derived B cells and thymus-derived T cells. Central lymphoid tissues Development of B lymphocytes The main phases of a B lymphocyte’s life history The early stages of B-cell development are dependent on bone marrow stromal cells Stromal cells form specific adhesive contacts with the developing lymphocytes by interactions between cell-adhesion molecules and their ligands. Stromal cells soluble and membrane-bound cytokines and chemokines that control lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation FLT3 is required for differentiation to the next stage, the common lymphoid progenitor; IL-7 produced by stromal cells is required for the development of B-lineage cells; The interaction of VLA-4 and VCAM-1 promotes the binding of Kit and SCF; B-cell Antigen Receptor The developmental stages of a B-lineage cell are marked by the rearrangement and expression of the immunoglobulin genes Expression of surface proteins, receptors, and transcription factors in B-cell development B cell markers B-cell development begins by rearrangement of the heavy-chain locus A productively rearranged immunoglobulin gene is immediately expressed as a protein by the d