WhatisCOPQ_ChS不良质量成本.pptVIP

不良质量成本 介绍COPQ Introduction The Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) 表示下列两种成本的差别 生产或服务的实际成本 Should-Be cost应有成本-如果过程有效地制造产品， 满足客户的需要 零缺点 Should-Be Cost Failure Cost Wastes 实际 成本 传统的COPQ 次品 返工 保修 退货 丢失定单 迟交货 工程修改 长的生产周期 赶工 过量库存 客户忠诚度 多次调整 客户满意 现场修改 客户生产能力损失 安装时间过长 员工士气, 生产力, 流失 差旅费 加班 不良质量成本 传统的不良质量成本(COPQ) 第一次决定品质费用时，只包含如下图所示的用肉眼所看见的要素。 占销售的 4-5% COPQ 为 总费用的 15 - 25% COST OF QUALITY (COQ)质量成本 Costs incurred due to any situation in which there is not 100% confidence that product or process quality is perfect all the time. Cost of Quality Prevention Costs Appraisal Costs Failure Costs Waste Costs Internal Failure External Failure FPY (First Pass Yield) OIY (Out-Going Inspection Yield) DOA (Dead On Arrival) AFR (Annual Failure Rate) Inspection Cost QMS, SOP, SIP, Training… NVA, Productivity COST OF QUALITY (COQ) Costs incurred due to any situation in which there is not 100% confidence that product or process quality is perfect all the time. Prevention costs are incurred to keep failure and appraisal costs to a minimum. Appraisal costs are incurred to determine the degree of conformance to customer needs. Failure costs are directly incurred by defects internal to the system or after shipment to the customer. Waste costs are driven by structural inefficiencies which add no value to the product delivered to the customer. Cost of Quality Prevention Costs Appraisal Costs Failure Costs Waste Costs Failure costs are directly incurred by defects internal to the system or after shipment to the customer. EXAMPLES Returned Material Rework Labor Scrap Material Retest Costs Failure Analysis and Autopsies Excess Inventory Line Shutdowns Lost Customers COST OF POOR QUALITY (COPQ) -- FAILURE COSTS失效成本 Cost of Poor Quality Prevention Costs Appraisal Costs Failure Costs Waste Costs Waste costs are driven by structural inefficiencies which add no value to the product delivered to the customer. EXAMPLES Distance traveled during manufacture Unnecessary handling labor Unnecessary floor space Unn