Paradigm Shift Understanding and Implementing Change in 范式转换的理解和实施的变化.pptVIP

Paradigm Shift: Understanding and Implementing Change in Second Language Education(George M. Jacobs and Thomas S C Farrell) Whitney and Stephanie EDN 203: Journal Review Change from Positivism to Post-positivism Positivism Emphasis on learning in parts Emphases on separation General Objective consideration and quantified Rely on experts knowledge (researcher as external) Focus on control Top-down Standardization Focus on product Post-Positivism Emphasis on whole and cross-cultural learning Emphasis integration Specific Consider subjective and non-quantifiable Consider average and i