Marzano’s Nine Strategies for Effective Teaching马尔扎诺九有效教学的策略.ppt

Marzano’s Strategies for Effective Teaching 1. IdentifyingSimilarities and Differences Presenting students with explicit guidance in identifying similarities and differences Asking students to independently identify similarities and differences. Representing similarities and differences in graphic or symbolic form enhances students’ understanding of and ability to use knowledge. 2. Summarizing Students must delete some information, substitute some information, and keep some information. To effectively to this, students must analyze the information at a fairly deep level. and Note-taking Verbatim note-taking is the least effective way to take notes. Notes should be considered a work in progress. Notes should be used as study guides for tests. 3. Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition Effort- Teacher should keep track of effort and achievement. (Charts on board; gradebooks) Provide Recognition Make it personal. Make it specific. Make it immediate, or at least prompt. 4. Homework and Practice Have a clear homework policy. Make purpose or homework clear. Provide feedback. 5. Nonlinguistic Representations Provide graphic organizers. Use pictures/diagrams to illustrate concepts. Include kinesthetic activities to reinforce learning. Make physical models Draw pictures Cooperative Learning Positive interdependence Face-to-face interaction Individual and group accountability Interpersonal and small group skills Group processing 7. Providing Feedback Corrective—provide a correct answer or an explanation of what is accurate and what is inaccurate. Timely. Feedback should be criterion-referenced as opposed to norm-referenced. Students can provide some of their own feedback. 8. Generating and Testing Hypotheses Teachers should ask students to clearly explain their hypotheses and their conclusions. Use a variety of structured tasks to guide students through generating and testing hypotheses. Problem solving. Historical investiga