静脉液课件.pptVIP

静脉输液Intravenous infusion/ Intravenous Administration  Objectives 教学目标及其基本要求 一. 识记 1. 正确说出常用液体的种类 2. 正确写出计算输液速度与时间的公式 二. 理解 1．用自己的语言正确解释：静脉 输液 2．正确说出输液的目的 3．能正确描述常见静脉输液反应 的原因、症状与护理 三. 运用 1．能正确计算出输液速度与时间。 2．能应用所学的知识对静脉输液 的病人进行护理 Intravenous infusion is the method that a large volume of solution infused into body to handle fluid and electrolyte disturbance.  原理：大气压和液体静压--- 输液系统内压 静脉压 条件: 1. 液体高度 2. 与大气相通 3. 管道通畅 一、Purposes 1. Keep balance of fluid, electrocyte, and acid-base 补充水分、电解质，维持酸碱平衡 2. Supply nutrient substances 补充营养 3. Supply medication 输入药物 4. Increase the blood volume 增加血容量 5. Establish a lifeline 二、Types and functions of solutions(一) According to Osmotic pressure Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic （二）According to Functions 1. Crystal solution 晶体溶液 Nutrient solutions: 5%Glucose, 5%Dextrose in water(D5W), 5%Dextrose in o.45% sodium chloride Electrolyte solutions: NS (0.9% sodium chloride) Ringer’s solution Lactated Ringer’s solution Alkalinizing solution: Lactated Ringer’s solution 5% NB Hypertonic solution: 50%GS, 20% mannital 2. Colloid solution 胶体溶液 Volume expenders Dextran 右旋糖酐 Plasma 血浆,代血浆 Human serum albumin 血液制品 3. TPN solution (Total parenteral nutrition) 静脉高营养液 三、Sites of Venipuncture 1. Peripheral vein 周围静脉输液法 (1) Superficial vein in limbs Basilic vein Cephalic vein Dorsal venous network Great saphenous vein Small saphenous vein Dorsal foot vein (2) Vein in the scalp 2. External jugular vein Internal jugular vein  颈外、内静脉插管输液法 Purposes 1）长期输液，周围静脉不易穿刺者； 2）长期静脉内滴注高浓度或有刺激 性的药物，或行静脉内营养疗法；