进城务工农民街头非正规就业现状原因分析.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 2 进城务工农民街头非正规就业现状及原因分析 ——以南京市城区调查为例 社会学专业学生 张新乐 指导教师 李义波 摘要：进城务工农民是当代中国城市的特殊群体，他们中的相当部分以非正规就业的方式在城市获取生存机会。作为城市社区的“边缘人”，他们在城市生活的各个方面发挥着不可替代的作用。本文以南京城区的实证调查为基础，分析了进城务工农民群体街头非正规就业的就业特征，认为导致这一群体选择街头非正规就业的主要原因有宏观和微观两方面。就宏观原因而言，包括户籍、工资、福利待遇及社会保障等方面的制度和政策障碍，以及劳动力市场供求层面的制约作用；微观原因，主要是进城务工农民自身条件的不足、对城市正规部门待遇的不满、对职业介绍场所的低认同，以及街头非正规就业的可承受性。尽量减少非正规就业从业者的比重，为更多的劳动者创造更好的就业方式将是一种必然趋势。 关键词：进城务工农民；非正规就业；劳动力市场 Analysis for the Present Situation and Reason of Informal Employment of Urban Migrant Workers ——Taking the Investigation in Nanjing as an Example Student majoring in Sociology Zhang Xinle Tutor Li Yibo Abstract：The urban migrant workers are the special inhabitant community in the city of Contemporary China who are regarded as the urban marginalized. However ,they are playing an important role in each aspect of city life which could not be substituted. Based on the practical survey in Nanjing City ,this paper depicts the characteristic of the street migrant workers, and points out that they choose street work as their living means mainly because of the following: barriers on Household register system and correlative polices, the labor market supply and demand stratification plane condition , their distrust of present job advisory organization, their discontent to enterprises treatment and working condition, their own overall limitation in terms of cultural and educational qualities and their acceptance with the street work income, etc. It will be an inevitable trend that try to reduce the rate of informal employment as far as possible, and to provide much better methods of employment for more workers. Key words: urban migrant workers; informal employment; the labor force market 从20世纪80年代初期开始形成的大规模“民工潮”进入90年代以后，其规模、流向等方面已经渐趋稳定。在中国广大的农村地区，农民外出务工已经成为广泛被接受的普遍性的生存和生活方式。作为现代化一般规律的农村剩余劳动力向城市转移的过程实际上已经在我国进行，而这也是我国加快城市化过程中不能回避、必须妥善解决的问题。同时，随着我国市场化进程的深入、农村劳动力城市转移趋于理性化和城市外来人口管理政策的人性化，进城农民在就业方面面临着新的环境。南京市作为江苏省的首府，是江苏地区的政治、经济、文化中心，也是全省人口最为密集的城市，并且