山东近岸毛蚶群体的形态学和遗传学研究-生态学专业论文.docxVIP

2.基于 ITS-2 和 mtDNA COI 基因片段序列研究了毛蚶群体的系统地理格局和扩散模式。（1）分析的毛蚶 ITS-2 序列长度为 386bp，碱基组成 A+T=52.7%， G+C=47.3%显示 AT 含量相对丰富；7 个地理群体的 151 个个体中，共有 299 个 保守位点 (Conserved),81 个变异位点 (Variable),17 个简约信息位点 (Parsim-info),59 个单突变位点(Singleton)，总共定义了 67 个单倍型，其中 54 个是单一的，13 个为采样群体所共享，还有 7 个在不止一个个体中发现，但只 在一个采样群体中。（2）分析的毛蚶 COI 序列长度为 692bp，5 个地理群体的 70 个个体中，共检测到 18 个单倍型，3 个单倍型类群，这两个单倍型类群间的分 化时间发生于 100 万年前的更新世晚期，3 个单倍型类群在地域上的分布频率 不存在明显差异。分子方差分析以及群体间分化指数 FST 值均显示毛蚶群体内不 存在明显的群体遗传结构。以上结果表明：毛蚶的浮游幼体可以借助海流进行扩 散，这有可能导致距离很远的群体间产生基因交流，从而使得毛蚶群体间的基因 交流频繁。通过对毛蚶群体遗传多样性的研究有助于人们更其清楚地认识和了解现有 生物资源的状况，从而为采取适当地策略保护和合理利用现有资源提供理论指 导。其次在推测和掌握群体内遗传变异水平、群体间的遗传分化状况和系统发生 关系可以为海洋双壳类的分类学研究，系统进化提供有意义的参考资料。 关键词：毛蚶；群体遗传结构；遗传多样性；形态学；COI；ITS2Population Morphology and Genetics of Scapharcasubcrenata near the coasts of Shandong Peninsula AbstractScapharca subcrenata,belongs to the family Genus Scapharca,widely distributed in different climate,latitude and sea conditions.In China,Scapharca subcrenata is a commercially important species group.This study intends to comprehensive using morphology analysis and genetics analysis method to research the populations of Scapharca subcrenata. This study discusses the differences and genetic differentiation between different groups of Scapharca subcrenata; systematically analyzes the different groups of Scapharca subcrenata between morphological and genetic differentiation; Also reveals the distribution pattern and the history of the group dynamic, discusses Scapharca subcrenata classification status, population division and its formation and maintain the current geographical pattern of the mechanism, trace and to reveal the evolution of species course, further understood mussels kind of evolution, ecological environment and human activities on the influence and the role of mussels and make appropriate mussel germplasm resources protection and management measures provides the reliable theory basis for the similar distribution and biological characteristics of other organisms also h