Water and Body Fluids - MDC Faculty Home Pages - Miami 水与体液- MDC学院主页-迈阿密.pptVIP

WATER Water and the Body Fluids The main role of water is to maintain an appropriate water balance to support vital functions. To maintain water homeostasis, intake from liquids, foods, and metabolism must equal losses from the kidneys, skin, lungs, and feces. Water The human body is 60 to 70 percent water Water, an essential nutrient, is a major component of cells and blood Water and Body Fluids Water and the Body Fluids Water Balance and Recommended Intakes Intracellular fluid (inside the cells) makes up about two-thirds of the body’s water . Extracellular fluid (outside the cells) has two components—the interstitial fluid and plasma. Water Intake Thirst is a conscious desire to drink and is regulated by the mouth, hypothalamus, and nerves. Water and the Body Fluids Dehydration occurs when water output exceeds input due to an inadequate intake or excessive losses. 1-2% loss of body weight – thirst, fatigue, weakness, vague discomfort, and loss of appetite 3-4% loss of body weight – impaired physical performance, dry mouth, reduction in urine, flushed skin, impatience, and apathy 5-6% loss of body weight – difficulty in concentrating, headache, irritability, sleepiness, impaired temperature regulation, and increased respiratory rate 7-10% loss of body weight – dizziness, spastic muscles, loss of balance, delirium, exhaustion, and collapse Water and the Body Fluids Water Intake Water intoxication is excessive water contents in all body fluid compartments. It is rare. Water Balance Water and the Body Fluids Water Balance and Recommended Intakes Water sources include water, other beverages, fruit, vegetables, meat, cheese, and the byproduct of metabolism. An intake of 1450 to 2800 milliliters of water is usually represented by: Liquids – 550 to 1500 mL Foods – 700 to 1000 mL Metabolic water – 200 to 300 mL Water and the Body Fluids Water Balance and Recommended Intakes Water losses occur through urine output, water vapor from the lungs, sweating, and feces.