Language and Communication - SUNY Oneonta Home语言与沟通-纽约州立大学奥尼昂塔回家.pptVIP

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Language and Communication - SUNY Oneonta Home语言与沟通-纽约州立大学奥尼昂塔回家.ppt

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Language and Communication - SUNY Oneonta Home语言与沟通-纽约州立大学奥尼昂塔回家

Language and Communication 1. Nature and Development of Language 2. Structure of Language 3. Language and Culture 4. Nonverbal Communication Nature and Development of Language Nature of Language-a symbolic system of sounds that when put together a certain way convey meaning. Some words have totally arbitrary meaning. *i.e. Cow-doesnt have anything to do with four-footed animal that gives milk. ? Diversity of Language Linguists estimate that approximately 6,000 discrete languages exist. Examples: Indo-European 150 languages. Amerind over 600 languages Indo-European Amerind Communication-Human vs. Non-human Open and Closed Systems Open system-humans can put different sounds together to make new meanings. Infinite amount of messages. Closed system-when an animal cannot combine elements of two or more calls in order to develop a new call. Displacement human characteristic to convey information about a thing or event that is not immediately present. Teaching non-human primates sign language. Chimpanzees /~cwuchci/bios/main_bio.htm Gorillas /friends/index.html Also, bonobos (pygmy chimps) computer communication skills. /~wwwlrc/biographies/pbpz.html Development of Language Early Hypotheses- Egyptian pharaoh reared two infants without letting them hear any voices, figured they would speak original language. King James IV of Scotland tried the same thing and said thy spoke hebrew-go along with biblical scholars. Swedish philospher of 17th century believed otherwise. In the Garden of Eden-God spoke Swedish, Adam and Eve spke Danish, and the serpent spoke French. Development of Language Scientific hypotheses- Human language requires that the larynx be farther down in the throat than other primates. Archaeologically this is hard to preserve, muscle and cartilidge. Brocas area of the brain-sets speech aparatus in motion. Evolution of speech Very gradual, but probably came with H. Erectus (ca. 1mya) for several reasons. position of larynx assoc with flexion